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The government was “well aware” of the deadly risks posed by combustible cladding and insulation a year before the Grenfell Tower fire, but “failed to act on what it knew”, a landmark report has found.

The report also said “systemic dishonesty” from cladding and insulation companies and a “toxic” relationship between the tower’s residents and the Tenant Management Organisation (TMO), which was responsible for running services, were contributing factors.

More than seven years on from the fire that claimed 72 lives, Grenfell Inquiry chair Sir Martin Moore-Bick has published his final findings into how the building in west London came to be in such a deadly state.

Pic: PA
Image:
Pic: PA

Sir Martin also concluded:

• Government officials were “complacent, defensive and dismissive” on fire safety, while cutting red tape was prioritised

• There was an “inappropriate relationship” between approved inspectors and those they were inspecting

• Grenfell residents who raised safety concerns were dismissed as “militant troublemakers”

A huge fire engulfs the 24 story Grenfell Tower in Latimer Road, West London
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Flames engulfed the 24-storey tower block in Latimer Road, west London, on 14 June 2017

The report details what it calls a “path to disaster” and “decades of failure”.

It asked: “How was it possible in 21st century London for a reinforced concrete building, itself structurally impervious to fire, to be turned into a death trap?”

“There is no simple answer to that question.”

Sir Martin’s report runs to nearly 1,700 pages, and encompasses years of work and the testimony of hundreds of witnesses.

It contains 58 recommendations to ensure a similar disaster never happens again.

Firefighters continue to dampen down the tower block following the deadly blaze
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Hundreds of firefighters tackled the blaze. Pic: PA

Firefighters rest as they take a break in battling a massive fire that raged in a 27-floor high-rise apartment building in London, Wednesday, June 14, 2017. Fire swept through a high-rise apartment building in west London early Wednesday, killing an unknown number of people and sending more than 50 people to area hospitals. (AP Photo/Matt Dunham)
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Crews tackled the fire in shifts – resting at the scene. Pic: AP

Complacency in government

The first phase of the inquiry’s report found in 2019 that combustible cladding was the primary cause of the rapid spread of the fire.

The inquiry has now concluded that the tragedy was the culmination of those in charge failing for decades to properly consider the risks of combustible materials on high-rise buildings, while ignoring the mounting evidence before them.

Grenfell tower
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The building was covered in combustible products. Pic: Reuters

Read more:
The Grenfell children who survived the blaze
Grenfell victims likely to wait over a decade for justice

Successive governments missed opportunities to prevent the tragedy.

The deadly risks of combustible cladding panels and insulation had been identified as early as 1991, when a fire engulfed the Knowsley Heights tower block in Huyton, Merseyside.

The block had recently been covered in “rainscreen” cladding.

Six people were killed at Lakanal House in Camberwell, south London, in 2009 after a fire spread to combustible cladding.

“By 2016 the department [for communities and local government] was well aware of those risks, but failed to act on what it knew,” the report states.

It adds that by the time Grenfell Tower was being renovated in the 2010s, a “seriously defective” system was in place to regulate the construction and refurbishment of high-rise buildings.

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‘We want changes and justice’

Unsafe products kept on market and dangers ‘deliberately concealed’

The report condemns cladding and insulation firms involved in this work, saying they engaged in “deliberate and sustained strategies to manipulate the testing processes, misrepresent test data and mislead the market”.

It said that “systemic dishonesty” from the companies resulted in hazardous materials being applied to the block.

Arconic, the company that made cladding for Grenfell Tower, “deliberately concealed” the danger of the panels used on the tower, while Celotex, which supplied most of the insulation, similarly “embarked on a dishonest scheme to mislead customers”.

Kingspan knew its insulation product failed fire safety tests “disastrously” but continued to sell it to high-rise buildings, the report found.

The firms got away with this because the various bodies designed to oversee and certify their products repeatedly failed to monitor and supervise them.

Grenfell residents dismissed as ‘troublemakers’

There was also harsh criticism of the Tenant Management Organisation (TMO), which was responsible for running services at Grenfell Tower.

Residents who raised concerns about safety were dismissed as “militant troublemakers”, while there was “a toxic atmosphere” with the TMO “fuelled by mistrust of both sides”.

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Relations “were increasingly characterised by distrust, dislike, personal antagonism and anger” and “some, perhaps many, occupants of the tower regarded the TMO as an uncaring and bullying overlord that belittled and marginalised them”.

The TMO and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea were jointly responsible for managing fire safety at Grenfell Tower – but the years between 2009 and 2017 were marked by a “persistent indifference to fire safety”, the report said.

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‘I realised the burning building was my own home’

Next steps

The Counsel for the inquiry has accused parties involved in the disaster of a “merry-go-round of buck-passing” – largely blaming each other for the disaster.

The inquiry can’t make findings of civil and criminal liability.

Now its work is complete, the police investigation into the disaster will continue.

The UK Tonight With Sarah-Jane Mee will have a special programme on the Grenfell Tower report at 8pm on Sky News

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Manchester City face long-awaited hearing over alleged breaches of Premier League financial rules

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Manchester City face long-awaited hearing over alleged breaches of Premier League financial rules

The Premier League’s long-awaited hearing into Manchester City’s alleged breaches of financial rules will begin later.

City, the reigning Premier League champions, face 115 charges under Premier League rules, which they allegedly breached by failing to provide accurate financial information over a nine-year period starting in 2009 until 2018.

During that period the club won the Premier League three times.

The charges relate to financial information regarding revenue, details of manager and player remuneration, UEFA regulations, profitability and sustainability, and cooperation with Premier League investigations.

The club has denied all the charges, which it will face at an independent hearing at an undisclosed location.

File photo dated 20-04-2021 of A Ariel view of the Etihad Stadium, home of Manchester City FC. Manchester City have been referred to an independent commission by the Premier League over alleged breaches of its financial rules. Issue date: Monday February 6, 2023.
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Manchester City’s Etihad Stadium. Pic: PA

The trial could last up to two months and a verdict is expected in early 2025.

City could face a deduction in points if found guilty – or even the threat of expulsion from the Premier League.

Last season Everton were docked points twice and Nottingham Forest were also docked for breaching the Premier League’s profit and sustainability rules.

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What have City been accused of?

City are alleged to have breached rules requiring the provision of accurate financial information.

Among a second set of charges is that they did not fully disclose the financial remunerations made to one of their managers related to seasons 2009-10 to 2012-13 inclusive.

The club’s manager between December 2009 and May 2013 was Roberto Mancini.

The third section deals with alleged breaches of Premier League rules requiring clubs to comply with UEFA Financial Fair Play regulations, between 2013-14 and 2017-18.

The fourth set of alleged breaches relates to the Premier League’s profitability and sustainability rules in seasons 2015-16 to 2017-18 inclusive.

Finally, the club are also alleged to have breached league rules requiring member clubs to cooperate with and assist the Premier League with its investigations, from December 2018 to February 2023.

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Succession battle: Why Rupert Murdoch and his children are fighting in court

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Succession battle: Why Rupert Murdoch and his children are fighting in court

A momentous court battle over the fate of Rupert Murdoch’s media empire gets under way in Nevada today.

At stake is the future of a string of newspapers and television channels consumed by millions of people around the world, as well as thousands of jobs – and billions of pounds.

The media mogul, who turned 93 this year, has spent decades building up his news brands, making them some of the most powerful and influential in the Western world.

But now, as he nears the end of his life, a rift has opened up in his family – and raised questions about what kind of legacy he will leave behind.

The case will decide who controls Murdoch’s family trust after he is gone and which of his children will have major voting rights in his companies. And it could result in the billionaire’s heir apparent Lachlan Murdoch being out-manoeuvred by some of his less conservative siblings.

Rupert Murdoch and Elena Zhukova. Pic: News Corp
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Rupert Murdoch and his wife Elena Zhukova. Pic: News Corp

What are his family members fighting over?

The row centres around future power and influence over Mr Murdoch‘s two companies – News Corp and Fox.

News Corp owns newspapers including The Wall Street Journal and the New York Post in the US, The Australian, The Herald Sun and The Daily Telegraph in Australia, and The Sun, The Times and The Sunday Times in the UK.

Also under News Corp’s wing is publishing giant HarperCollins, along with several Australian TV channels.

Meanwhile, Fox News, Fox Sports and streaming service Tubi form part of his other major company.

Mr Murdoch has a roughly 40% stake in voting shares of each company.

Sky News, which Mr Murdoch launched in the UK in 1989, is no longer part of his empire.

At the end of 2018, Fox’s film entertainment assets, such as The Simpsons and the Avatar film franchise, were sold to Disney – while the company’s 39% stake in Sky was sold to Comcast.

Lachlan Murdoch and Sarah Murdoch attend the Vanity Fair Oscar party in Beverly Hills during the 92nd Academy Awards, in Los Angeles, California, U.S., February 9, 2020. REUTERS/Danny Moloshok
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Lachlan Murdoch and his wife Sarah in February 2020. Pic: Reuters

Who is involved in the case and why?

Sorting out Mr Murdoch’s inheritance was never going to be easy – he has six children and has been married five times, most recently to retired molecular biologist Elena Zhukova.

However, it had long been presumed that his business succession plans were largely settled in 1999, following his divorce from his second wife Anna.

That year the Murdoch Family Trust was founded – establishing the principle that, when he died, his News Corp and Fox’s voting shares would be divided between his four oldest children – Prudence, Elisabeth, Lachlan and James.

Following the “irrevocable” agreement, Mr Murdoch began integrating some of his children into roles at his companies.

However, following a shift in relations with some of his offspring, it emerged earlier this year that the media mogul had changed his mind.

The New York Times revealed that Mr Murdoch had decided he wanted to change the terms of the trust, to ensure his eldest son Lachlan would go on to run his businesses without “interference” from his other siblings.

The newspaper reported that James, Elisabeth and Prudence “were caught completely off-guard” by the move and had decided to unite to stop him.

Lachlan has reportedly taken his father’s side in the case.

Kathryn Hufschmid and James Murdoch arrive at the Vanity Fair Oscar party after the 96th Academy Awards, known as the Oscars, in Beverly Hills, California, U.S., March 10, 2024. REUTERS/Danny Moloshok
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James Murdoch with his wife Kathryn Hufschmid at the Oscars earlier this year. Pic: Reuters

Why did Murdoch change his mind?

The billionaire’s efforts to tweak the terms of the family trust come amid signs that he has increasingly favoured Lachlan as his chosen heir in recent years.

When Mr Murdoch revealed last year he was stepping down as chair of Fox and News Corp, it was announced that his eldest son would become the sole chair of News Corp – while also continuing as executive chair and chief executive of Fox.

The main reason, it is thought, is politics. Lachlan is seen as more similar and aligned with his father’s right-wing views, while James, Elisabeth and Prudence are seen as more moderate in their beliefs.

Indeed, the media mogul’s decision to give Lachlan “permanent, exclusive control” came amid worries over the “lack of consensus” among his children about the future of the Murdoch brands, according to court documents seen by The New York Times.

FILE - In this Jan. 29, 2009 file photo, Elisabeth Murdoch, daughter of Rupert Murdoch, takes part in a breakfast meeting about 'Digital Britain' at Downing Street in London. The latest twist in the family drama came Thursday, June 11, 2015, with news that James Murdoch, the 42-year-old second son, would take over as CEO of Twenty-First Century Fox Inc., leapfrogging 43-year-old first son Lachlan in the line of succession. "This cements the complete exclusion of Elisabeth from the gig, as well a
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Elisabeth Murdoch, pictured in 2009. Pic: AP

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James has been openly critical of Fox News – and recently endorsed Democrat Kamala Harris for president – while his sister Elisabeth has also “privately expressed discomfort about being associated with Fox News”, according to the Wall Street Journal.

The newspaper, which is owned by Mr Murdoch, also reported that “putting more power in Lachlan’s hands is meant to ensure stability at the businesses and avoid a confusing ownership structure in coming years”.

It quoted sources who said Mr Murdoch had been “dismayed that James and his wife seemed to be embarrassed by Fox yet were happy to enjoy the fruits of its financial success”, with the two not said to be on speaking terms.

Rupert Murdoch at his annual party at Spencer House, St James' Place in London. Picture date: Thursday June 22, 2023.
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Mr Murdoch turned 93 earlier this year. Pic: PA


So what’s going to happen?

Despite the family rift, there is one thing the Murdochs involved agree on – they do not want their media rivals to feast on their fallout.

Consequently, the hearing to settle the dispute is being held in private – despite attempts from news agencies to grant public access – behind closed doors at the Washoe County Courthouse in Reno, Nevada, with probate commissioner Edmund J Gorman Jr due to rule on the case.

An earlier hearing concluded that Mr Murdoch could change the terms of the trust – if he could demonstrate he was acting in good faith, for the sole benefit of his heirs.

If the billionaire wins, News Corp and Fox are expected to continue along the same path after his death under Lachlan’s leadership, with, for example, Fox News continuing to loudly back the Republican Party in the US.

However, if the three siblings win, a battle over the future of the firms is likely to ensue. In theory, they could challenge the political leaning of Murdoch’s newspapers and channels, or even sell them off – as they could out-vote Lachlan on key decisions.

A third possibility is a compromise or some other kind of settlement being reached. Talks have reportedly been held in recent weeks over James and his sisters selling their stakes in the trust. However, these are said to have failed – possibly due to the potentially high sums involved.

FILE PHOTO: Media Mogul Rupert Murdoch (C) poses for a photograph with his sons Lachlan (L) and James as they arrive at St Bride's church for a service to celebrate the wedding between Murdoch and former supermodel Jerry Hall which took place on Friday, in London, Britain March 5, 2016. REUTERS/Peter Nicholls/File Photo
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Rupert Murdoch with his sons Lachlan (left) and James (right) at his wedding to Jerry Hall in 2016. Pic: Reuters

The Murdochs involved have made no public statement on the case, with their spokespeople either declining to comment or not responding to requests.

It also comes amid uncertain times for the future of the news industry.

In an interview earlier this summer with Sky News Australia – which is separate from Sky News in the UK – Mr Murdoch predicted that printed newspapers will die out within 15 years due to changes in the ways people consume news.

If he is right, some of the tough questions facing his successors could be far bigger than just which party to back.

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Legal & General to pick new home for £1.2bn housebuilder Cala this week

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Legal & General to pick new home for £1.2bn housebuilder Cala this week

Legal & General, the FTSE-100 insurance and asset management giant, will this week pick a new home for Cala Group, its housebuilding subsidiary.

Sky News has learnt that Sixth Street, the US-based investor, has emerged as the frontrunner to buy Cala, which ranks among Britain’s ten biggest housebuilders.

Sixth Street has teamed up with Patron Capital Partners – Cala’s former owner – and is expected to own the larger share of the company if their offer is successful.

An industry source said this weekend that a takeover of Cala was likely to value it at between £1.2bn and £1.3bn – a higher price than previous estimates.

They cautioned, however, that L&G and its advisers at Rothschild remained in discussion with Persimmon, the FTSE-100 housebuilder, and were still hopeful of eliciting a higher offer from it.

An announcement from L&G is likely during the course of this week.

Antonio Simoes, the former Santander and HSBC executive who recently took over at L&G, has confirmed that Cala had been earmarked for sale.

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He outlined the move alongside a number of measures aimed at simplifying the company.

The conclusion of the Cala auction comes amid a flurry of corporate activity in the housebuilding sector.

Bellway recently abandoned a bid for Crest Nicholson, while Barratt Developments is completing a £2.5bn deal to acquire rival Redrow.

L&G and Rothschild declined to comment, while Sixth Street has been contacted for comment.

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