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NASA will soon provide advanced training to Indian astronauts to send a joint mission to the International Space Station this year or shortly thereafter, US envoy to India Eric Garcetti has said. Garcetti made these remarks while speaking at the “US-India Commercial Space Conference: Unlocking Opportunities for US & Indian Space Startups,” hosted by the US-India Business Council (USIBC) and the US Commercial Service (USCS) in Bengaluru on Friday.

“NASA will soon provide advanced training to Indian astronauts, with the goal of mounting a joint effort to the International Space Station, hopefully, this year or shortly thereafter, which was one of the promises of our leaders’ visit together,” Garcetti said.

“And soon we will launch the NISAR satellite from ISRO’s Satish Dhawan Space Center to monitor all resources, including ecosystems, the Earth’s surface, natural hazards, sea level rise, and the cryosphere,” Garcetti said, according to a USIBC press statement issued here.

NISAR is a joint Earth-observing mission between NASA and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

“You see whether it’s the pursuit of peace and the peaceful use of space, things like the Artemis Accord, we are hand in hand, arm in arm. When it comes to prosperity and jobs, which is a big part of this conference today, it can be produced by startups in this sector, good-paying, high-tech jobs for Indians and for Americans. Space is right there,” Garcetti said.

The Artemis Accords lay out a framework for collaborating nations’ safe exploration of the moon and beyond.

The day-long event in Bengaluru saw the participation from senior officials from both the US and Indian governments, including Garcetti, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman Dr. S Somanath, representatives from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Government of India, as well as prominent leaders from the commercial space industry, industry stakeholders, venture capitalists, and market analysts.

“I must salute the visionary leadership that we have in both nations in India and the US for engaging in such an accord which looks at the moon as a sustainable place for all of us to come and work together,” Somnath said in his remarks.

“The connection between the Indian partners and also the US partners in critical technologies and specifically in the space sector is really becoming stronger. And I’m very happy about that type of engagement and the options available to the industries and the US business indigenous to connect with India in the emerging space sector as well,” he said.

Expressing optimism about the prospects of US-India collaboration in space, USIBC president Atul Keshap described it as a new chapter in the US-India space partnership. This week has been particularly fruitful, with USIBC and USCS joining forces to champion these two iCET space deliverables, he said.

“The conference highlights the deepening synergy between our two free nations in pioneering space exploration and innovation by the leading democracies. Through strategic alliances and collaborative efforts, we’re on the brink of achieving extraordinary milestones and expanding the horizons of space exploration beyond what we once imagined,” Keshap said.

The US-India Commercial Space Conference underscores the importance of fostering strategic partnerships to drive innovation and propel the space industry forward,” said USIBC managing director Alexander Slater.

“This is the next step in USIBC’s continued commitment to fostering bilateral cooperation among leading companies and startups from both countries to unlock new opportunities for economic growth, job creation and technological leadership. It builds on our work in February when we hosted the second edition of INDUS-X in New Delhi, which promoted similar opportunities for innovation and cooperation in new and emerging defence technologies,” he said.

Meanwhile, senior defence officials from India and the US have met in Washington to discuss opportunities to strengthen space cooperation and identified potential areas for collaboration with the American industry.

Meeting for the second annual US-India Advanced Domains Defence Dialogue (AD3), the officials discussed a wide range of bilateral cooperation.

The American team was led by Vipin Narang, Acting Assistant Secretary of Defence for Space Policy, and the visiting Indian delegation was led by Vishwesh Negi, India’s Joint Secretary for International Cooperation.

During this year’s Dialogue, Narang and Negi discussed opportunities to strengthen space cooperation and identified potential areas for collaboration with US industry, said Department of Defence Spokesperson Cmdr. Jessica Anderson.

Among a group of US and Indian defence officials, the two co-chaired the first US-India principal-level tabletop discussion that explored areas to enhance cooperation in the space domain.

They agreed to advance AD3 through regular working group discussions.

The visiting Indian Government delegation also engaged with the US Space Command, the Joint Commercial Operations Cell, and artificial intelligence experts from across the US Department of Defence, Anderson said.

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Could We Ever Retrieve Memories from a Dead Person’s Brain?

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Could We Ever Retrieve Memories from a Dead Person's Brain?

The possibility of retrieving memories from a deceased person’s brain is being explored by neuroscientists, though the process is considered highly complex and technically challenging. Efforts to understand memory storage in the brain have made significant progress, with scientists identifying engrams — physical traces of memories formed by groups of neurons. These discoveries have sparked curiosity about whether memories could be extracted post-mortem, but such advancements remain theoretical.

Memory Storage in the Brain

According to research published in Nature, engrams have been identified in the hippocampus, a region critical for memory formation. The process involves groups of neurons connected through synapses, with each engram storing fragments of a memory. Over time, these memories are consolidated and distributed across various brain regions. Don Arnold, a neuroscientist at the University of Southern California, noted that while engrams represent memory storage, they are not the memory itself, complicating potential retrieval.

Challenges in Retrieval

As per insights shared with Live Science, Charan Ranganath, director of the Memory and Plasticity Program at the University of California, Davis, explained that human memory is reconstructive. Unlike a static file, memory involves recalling fragments and filling gaps with interpretation. This dynamic nature adds to the challenge of recreating past events accurately. Memories tied to emotions or sensory details may be stored in different brain areas, further complicating the process.

Future Possibilities

While current technology is insufficient, advancements could theoretically allow the recreation of neural networks to simulate memories. However, this would require continuous brain scans over a person’s lifetime to map memory formation and retrieval patterns. For now, experts agree that the memories of a person die with them, as no reliable method exists to extract or recreate their experiences.

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New Species Discovered in Peru’s Alto Mayo Region

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New Species Discovered in Peru’s Alto Mayo Region

A significant biodiversity survey conducted in Peru’s Alto Mayo region has led to the discovery of at least 27 new species, including a striking ‘blob-headed’ bristlemouth armored catfish from the genus Chaetostoma. The research, carried out in 2022, highlighted the region’s ecological importance, spanning approximately 780,700 hectares in the San Martín department. The survey documented species from the Andes to the Amazon, emphasising the urgent need for conservation efforts to protect this vibrant ecosystem and its threatened wildlife.

Findings of the Survey

According to Conservation International, the survey team identified 2,046 species, including 68 types of fish, of which 18 were recorded for the first time in the Alto Mayo basin. Among these were eight fish species new to science, including the blob-headed Chaetostoma, noted for its enlarged head structure, the function of which remains unknown. The researchers also documented over 200 butterfly species, 10 of which are newly discovered, and 14 recorded in the region for the first time.

New Mammal and Amphibian Species

Dr. Trond Larsen, director of Conservation International’s Rapid Assessment Program, stated to sci.news that four mammal species, including the Andean saddle-back tamarin, were found exclusively in the Alto Mayo landscape. The survey also revealed three amphibians new to science, including a climbing salamander from the genus Bolitoglossa. Two snake species potentially unknown to science were also noted during the expedition.

Implications for Conservation

Over 950 vascular plant species were recorded, including three plants likely new to science. Findings also revealed that ecosystems near human settlements retained high biodiversity. The researchers emphasised the need for sustainable management of these habitats to ensure the survival of species and promote activities like ecotourism.

Dr. Larsen also highlighted the role of technologies such as environmental DNA sampling and camera traps in documenting biodiversity, demonstrating the potential of innovative methods in ecological research in his conversation with sci.news.

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Recyclable Stretchable Plastic Developed with 3D Printing for Multiple Uses

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Recyclable Stretchable Plastic Developed with 3D Printing for Multiple Uses

A new material with stretchable, flexible, and recyclable properties has been created by researchers using a 3D printing technique. It is said that the material, made from thermoplastic elastomers, allows objects to possess customisable stiffness and flexibility. The technique combines cost-effectiveness with scalability, making it suitable for industrial use. These advancements are expected to pave the way for practical applications in various sectors, including soft robotics, medical devices, prosthetics and wearable electronics, according to reports.

Nanoscale Structure Enables Customisation

According to a study published in Advanced Functional Materials, the research team developed the material using block copolymers, a type of polymer that forms stiff cylindrical nanostructures. These structures, measuring 5-7 nanometers in thickness, were aligned through controlled 3D printing techniques to create materials that are stiff in one direction but stretchy in others. The researchers claimed that this alignment enabled designers to customise the material’s properties in different sections of the same object, providing tailored solutions for advanced applications.

Role of Thermal Annealing

Emily Davidson, an assistant professor of chemical and biological engineering at Princeton University, explained to SciTech Daily that thermal annealing played a significant role in the material’s development. Thermal annealing, involving controlled heating and cooling, reportedly improved the nanostructure order within the material and allowed self-healing properties. Reports stated that damaged material could be repaired through annealing, restoring it to its original state without losing its characteristics.

Cost Efficiency and Additional Functionalities

It was highlighted that the thermoplastic elastomers used in the study cost approximately one cent per gram, contrasting with other similar materials priced at 2.50 dollars per gram. Researchers reportedly incorporated functional additives without affecting the material’s mechanical properties. For instance, an organic molecule capable of emitting a red glow under ultraviolet light was successfully added. This advancement underscores the material’s potential in manufacturing intricate and multi-functional objects.

Reportedly, the team, including lead author Alice Fergerson and contributors Shawn M. Maguire and Emily C. Ostermann, aims to explore new designs for applications in biomedical devices and wearable electronics.

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