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Frontiers Dec 4 2024

The prevalence of MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease) is exploding in most regions of the world, boosted by increased obesity and sedentary lifestyles. MASLD (formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) is already the most common liver disorder: it affects 30% of adults and between 7% and 14% of children and adolescents, and this prevalence is predicted to rise to more than 55% of adults by 2040. People with MASLD run a heightened risk of diabetes, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-liver cancers, chronic kidney disease, age-related muscle loss, and cardiovascular disease.

Earlier studies have implicated disturbances in the circadian clock and in the sleep cycle in the development of MASLD. But the American Academy of Sleep Medicine has recommended that objective measures – rather than subjective ones such as sleep questionnaires – be used to prove this hypothetical link between disorders of sleep and the circadian rhythm, MASLD, and MASH. MASH is a more severe form of MASLD, where the liver suffers damage from inflammation and tissue scarring, caused by abnormal accumulation of fat.

"Here we show for the first time with an objective method, 24/7 actigraphy, that the sleep-wake rhythm in patients with MASLD does indeed differ from that in healthy individuals: those with MASLD demonstrated significant fragmentation of their nightly sleep due to frequent awakenings and increased wakefulness," said Dr Sofia Schaeffer, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Basel and Basel's University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, and the corresponding author of a new study in Frontiers in Network Physiology.

Actigraphy involves tracking gross motor activity with a sensor worn on the wrist. Don't lose any sleep

Between 2019 and 2021, Schaeffer and colleagues recruited 46 adult women and men diagnosed with either MASLD, MASH, or MASH with cirrhosis. A further eight patients with non-MASH-related liver cirrhosis served as comparisons, while a second comparator group consisted of 16 age-matched healthy volunteers. Each study participant was equipped with an actigraph, to be worn at all times, which tracked light, physical activity, and body temperature.

Participants visited the clinic as outpatients at the start, midpoint, and end of the four-week follow-up. Both at the start and end of this period, they underwent clinical investigation, were interviewed through sleep questionnaires about their sleep habits. They also kept a sleep diary.

All patients with MASLD were obese, and 80% had metabolic syndrome. Patients with MASLD further had significantly higher levels of triglycerides, fasting glucose, and insulin in their blood than healthy participants, but lower levels of total cholesterol, 'bad' LDL cholesterol, and 'good' HDL cholesterol. Rude awakening

Actigraph measurements didn't reveal any differences between patients with MASLD and healthy participants when it came to things such as sleep duration or the amount of time spent in bed.

But importantly, the actigraphs showed that patients with MASLD woke 55% more often at night, and lay 113% longer awake after having first fallen asleep, compared to healthy volunteers. Patients with MASLD also slept more often and longer during the day. Sleep patterns and quality as measured by actigraph were similarly impaired in patients with MASH, MASH with cirrhosis, and non-MASH-related cirrhosis.

Subjectively, patients with MASLD self-reported their disrupted and inefficient sleep as shorter sleep with a delayed onset. In their sleep diaries, 32% of patients with MASLD reported experiencing sleep disturbances caused by psychological stress, compared to only 6% of healthy participants. We concluded from our data that sleep fragmentation plays a role in the pathogenesis of human MASLD. Whether MASLD cause sleep disorders or vice versa remains unknown."

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"The underlying mechanism presumably involves genetics, environmental factors, and the activation of immune responses – ultimately driven by obesity and metabolic syndrome."

Schaeffer and colleagues also tried to improve the sleep of participants with a single sleep hygiene education session, performed at the study's midpoint. Here, they were taught practical measures to improve their sleep habits. However, the results showed that the session didn't improve the actigraphy or self-reported measures of sleep quality and quantity.

"A single sleep hygiene education session didn't suffice to sustainably impact on the circadian rhythm in either patients with MASLD or healthy controls. Future studies should explore perpetual sleep counselling sessions or interventions such as light therapy in combination with other lifestyle changes to improve the sleep-wake cycle in patients with MASLD," recommended Dr Christine Bernsmeier, a professor at the University of Basel and the study's senior author. Source:

FrontiersJournal reference:

Schaeffer, S., et al. (2024) Significant nocturnal wakefulness after sleep onset in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease. Frontiers in Network Physiology. doi.org/10.3389/fnetp.2024.1458665.

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Donald Trump denies posting AI image of himself as pope

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Donald Trump denies posting AI image of himself as pope

Donald Trump has denied posting an AI image of himself as pope – and said Catholics who were offended “can’t take a joke”.

A picture of the president wearing white and gold robes in the style of a pontiff was posted to his account on Truth Social and caused outcry among some Christians.

“I had nothing to do with it, somebody made a picture of me dressed like the Pope and they put it out on the internet,” he said on Monday.

“That’s not me that did it, I’ve got no idea where it came from, maybe it was AI.”

When it was pointed out to him that some Catholics were offended by the image, he replied: “Oh, they can’t take a joke.”

“The Catholics loved it,” he also claimed.

Pic: Donald Trump/Truth Social
Image:
Pic: Donald Trump/Truth Social

President Trump insisted that he first saw the image – which was posted on Friday night on his Truth Social account and later promoted by the White House on its official X account – on Sunday evening.

He also noted that first lady Melania Trump “thought it was cute”.

President Trump was not baptised as a Catholic and therefore is ineligible to be pope, neither is he allowed to participate in the conclave.

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Some 133 cardinal electors – those under the age of 80 – will take part in the conclave and begin voting for the new pontiff on Wednesday after the death of Pope Francis last month.

The rituals of the event, held in the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican, are elaborate and date back centuries.

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UK

Two motorbike racers killed in 11-bike crash during British Supersport race at Oulton Park

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Two motorbike racers killed in 11-bike crash during British Supersport race at Oulton Park

Two motorcycle racers have died after a crash involving 11 bikes during a British Supersport Championship race at Oulton Park in Cheshire.

Owen Jenner, 21, was treated trackside and taken to the circuit’s medical centre, but organisers said he died from a “catastrophic head injury”.

Shane Richardson, 29, sustained severe chest injuries and was also given treatment at the scene.

He was transferred to Royal Stoke University Hospital but died before he arrived.

A third rider, Tom Tunstall, 47, is at the same hospital with what organisers called “significant back and abdominal injuries”.

Five others from the British Supersport race were taken to the track’s medical centre but didn’t need hospital treatment.

Motorsport Vision Racing, which runs the race series, said the crash happened on the first lap as riders exited turn one at Old Hall corner.

It said there was a “chain reaction” with 11 riders coming off their bikes.

“Due to the extreme severity of the incident and ongoing medical intervention, the remainder of the Bennetts British Superbike Championship event was cancelled,” organisers said in a statement.

Cheshire Police said they were investigating two deaths on behalf of the coroner.

“The Motorcycle Circuit Racing Control Board and MotorSport Vision Racing are investigating the full circumstances of the incident in conjunction with the Coroner and Cheshire Police,” the force said in a statement.

Jenner, from Crowborough, East Sussex, was the 2024 British GP2 champion and was signed to Rapid Honda.

New Zealand superbike racer Richardson was in the Astro JJR HIPPO Suzuki team sponsored by Hippo waste removal service.

Brady Dyer, a councillor in New Zealand’s Lower Hutt city, paid tribute to Richardson on Facebook saying he was a “talented” rider.

“My thoughts are with the family and friends of Shane Richardson, a talented Kiwi rider who tragically lost his life while doing what he loved.

“Shane was proud to be from Wainuiomata and was admired both locally and abroad for his skill and passion.

“This is a heartbreaking loss, and I know many in our community will be feeling it deeply.”

Harley McCabe paid tribute to Jenner as he said in a Facebook post: “Today I lost my team mate [heartbreak emoji], words cant explain how I feel right, now I’m absolutely devastated that I won’t see your smile again.

“You have been there for me over the years and been an amazing team mate and turned into more of an older brother to me!

“The awning will never be the same, we’ve lost a massive part of us all today.”

Mr McCabe added: “Sending love to Owen’s family and friends.”

The British Supersport Championship features 600cc machines and is the main support class to the blue riband professional British Superbikes series.

The Oulton Park event was the opening round of this year’s championship, which takes place at circuits around the UK.

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Both riders had posted on social media in recent days about looking forward to this weekend’s races

Jenner was also a superstock champion in 2020 and 2023, and won last year’s GP2 title with 18 wins out of 20 race finishes. After, he signed with British superbike team Rapid Honda.

Richardson, a father-of-two, worked as a part-time test rider for Triumph, according to his social media.

According to his team, Astro JJR Hippo Suzuki, he previously had a business crafting bespoke kitchens before moving into “competing on the UK’s premier racing circuits”.

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Man charged after British student nurse stabbed to death in Texas ‘following fight over cat’

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Man charged after British student nurse stabbed to death in Texas 'following fight over cat'

A man has been charged after a British student nurse was stabbed to death in Texas days before she was due to graduate, according to reports in the US.

Elizabeth Tamilore Odunsi, also known as Tamilore Odunsi, was found dead by police at her home in Houston shortly before 4pm local time on Saturday 26 April, Sky’s US partner network NBC News reports.

Officers had arrived to conduct a welfare check but when they knocked on the door there was no answer.

They saw blood on a rear concrete patio and entered the apartment, where they found the 23-year-old on the kitchen floor with multiple stab wounds.

Ms Odunsi, who is reported to be originally from London, was pronounced dead at the scene.

Chester Lamar Grant: Pic: Houston Police Department
Image:
Chester Lamar Grant: Pic: Houston Police Department

A man, later identified as her roommate Chester Lamar Grant, was found in a bedroom with at least one stab wound and was taken to hospital in a critical condition, police said.

The 40-year-old was arrested on Friday 2 May and has been charged with Ms Odunsi’s murder.

He currently remains in custody at Harris County Jail in Texas with a bond set at $500,000 (around £375,000).

A magistrate has said in a preliminary hearing that the roommates had been involved in a fight over Grant’s cat, according to ABC News.

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Ms Odunsi had a TikTok account, Tamidollars, with more than 44,000 followers, where she posted about her life as a student at Texas Woman’s University.

A GoFundMe page set up to bring Ms Odunsi’s body back to the UK for burial had received more than £63,000 in donations as of 3am UK time on Tuesday.

In a statement on the GoFundMe page, her sister Georgina Odunsi writes: “Tami was a beautiful soul, full of light, ambition, and kindness… She moved from the UK to the United States to pursue her dream of becoming a nurse, dedicating herself to a life of care and service.”

She continues: “Tragically, Tami was brutally murdered just days before she was set to graduate from university – an unimaginable loss at a moment that should have marked the beginning of a bright and promising future.”

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