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The head of the Bank of England – responsible for the rise in interest rates – has said it never feels good for central bankers to raise rates but it is their job.

Asked how it feels to be doling out the medicine of interest rate rises, in an effort to reduce inflation, Andrew Bailey said it never feels good for central bankers.

“I don’t think anyone should think that central bankers in any sense feel good doing this. But it’s our job.”

Speaking to Sky News data and economics editor Ed Conway, Mr Bailey said he was doing so to bring down inflation, and that if actions weren’t taken, things would get worse.

“Much bigger” job losses could result, he said, explaining that it was critical the Bank takes action.

“I’m afraid if we get into that situation, the action that will have to be taken thereafter to restore stability would be much larger and much more damaging. It’s so critical that we take action. So the pain is necessary to prevent something worse.”

He denied accusations that the rate rises are bringing about a recession, saying such a statement was unfair. Instead, Mr Bailey placed the blame on economics shocks, the war in Ukraine and high gas and goods prices.

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“I don’t think it’s correct to say that we are precipitating recession. Unfortunately, the UK, along with other countries, particularly European countries, has been hit by a huge shock to national real income. And that huge shock of course, is really to do with the war in Ukraine. And the huge impact it’s having on the energy prices, particularly gas prices”.

For mortgage holders whose rates have risen the governor said the market rates are too high. More mortgage products should return to the market, he added.

There is some further good news for fixed mortgage holders.

Fixed rate borrowers and been impacted by rates rising “very, very substantially“, Mr Bailey said, in the second half of September

“I think the good news is those market prices are now restoring stability. They’re coming back down to where they were earlier in September. And that should feed through into the mortgage market.”

The number of mortgages on the market has fallen since the mini-budget as the Bank of England reacted and signalled it would increase interest rates to curb inflation. The Bank’s statements caused uncertainty among lenders over how much rates would increase and when.

Mr Bailey’s comments come after the Bank unveiled the biggest interest rate hike for three decades. It raised the base rate of interest by 0.75 percentage points to 3% and said that the UK is already in recession.

It warned that the UK could face a protracted contraction in the coming years, with high inflation and the unemployment rate climbing to 6.5% – the highest since the financial crisis.

The length of this forecasted recession – eight successive quarters in which gross domestic product shrinks – would make it the most protracted since comparable records began but less deep than most previous downturns, including during the financial crash and the 1980s.

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Primark-owner ABF gets Hovis deal oven-ready

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Primark-owner ABF gets Hovis deal oven-ready

The London-listed parent of Primark was on Wednesday applying the finishing touches to a landmark transaction that will unite the Hovis and Kingsmill bread brands under common ownership.

Sky News understands that a deal for Associated British Foods (ABF) to acquire Hovis from private equity firm Endless is likely to be announced by the end of the week.

The timetable remains subject to delay, banking sources cautioned on Wednesday.

The deal, which will see ABF paying about £75m to buy 135 year-old Hovis, is likely to trigger a lengthy review by competition regulators given that it will bring together the second- and third-largest suppliers of packaged bread to Britain’s major supermarkets.

ABF owns Kingsmill’s immediate parent, Allied Bakeries, which has struggled in recent years amid persistent price inflation, changing consumer preferences and competition from larger rival Warburtons as well as new entrants to the market.

Confirmation of the tie-up will come three months after Sky News revealed that ABF and Endless – Hovis’s owner since 2020 – were in discussions.

Industry sources have estimated that a combined group could benefit from up to £50m of annual cost savings from a merger.

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Allied Bakeries was founded in 1935 by Willard Garfield Weston, part of the family which continues to control ABF, while Hovis traces its history even further, having been created in 1890 when Herbert Grime scooped a £25 prize for coming up with the name Hovis, which was derived from the Latin ‘Hominis Vis’ – meaning ‘strength of man”.

The overall UK bakery market is estimated to be worth about £5bn in annual sales, with the equivalent of 11m loaves being sold each day.

Critical to the prospects of a merger of Allied Bakeries, which also owns the Sunblest and Allinson’s bread brands, and Hovis taking place will be the view of the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) at a time when economic regulators are under intense pressure from the government to support growth.

Warburtons, the family-owned business which is the largest bakery group in Britain, is estimated to have a 34% share of the branded wrapped sliced bread sector, with Hovis on 24% and Allied on 17%.

A merger of Hovis and Kingsmill would give the combined group the largest share of that segment of the market, although one source said Warburtons’ overall turnover would remain higher because of the breadth of its product range.

Responding to Sky News’ report in May of the talks, ABF said: “Allied Bakeries continues to face a very challenging market.

“We are evaluating strategic options for Allied Bakeries against this backdrop and we remain committed to increasing long-term shareholder value.”

Prior to its ownership by Endless, Hovis was owned by Mr Kipling-maker Premier Foods and the Gores family.

At the time of the most recent takeover, High Wycombe-based Hovis employed about 2,700 people and operated eight bakery sites, as well as its own flour mill.

Hovis’s current chief executive, Jon Jenkins, is a former boss of Allied Milling and Baking.

ABF declined to comment, while neither Endless nor Hovis could be reached for comment.

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Chancellor warned ‘substantial tax rises’ needed – as she faces ‘impossible trilemma’

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Chancellor warned 'substantial tax rises' needed - as she faces 'impossible trilemma'

Rachel Reeves will need to find more than £40bn of tax rises or spending cuts in the autumn budget to meet her fiscal rules, a leading research institute has warned.

The National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR) said the government would miss its rule, which stipulates that day to day spending should be covered by tax receipts, by £41.2bn in the fiscal year 2029-30.

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In its latest UK economic outlook, NIESR said: “This shortfall significantly increases the pressure on the chancellor to introduce substantial tax rises in the upcoming autumn budget if she hopes to remain compliant with her fiscal rules.”

The deteriorating fiscal picture was blamed on poor economic growth, higher than expected borrowing and a reversal in welfare cuts that could have saved the government £6.25bn.

Together they have created an “impossible trilemma”, NIESR said, with the chancellor simultaneously bound to her fiscal rules, spending commitments, and manifesto pledges that oppose tax hikes.

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Could the rich be taxed to fill black hole?

Reeves told to consider replacing council tax

The institute urged the government to build a larger fiscal buffer through moderate but sustained tax rises.

“This will help allay bond market fears about fiscal sustainability, which may in turn reduce borrowing costs,” it said.

“It will also help to reduce policy uncertainty, which can hit both business and consumer confidence.”

It said that money could be raised by reforms to council tax bands or, in a more radical approach, by replacing the whole council tax system with a land value tax.

To reduce spending pressures, NIESR called for a greater focus on reducing economic inactivity, which could bring down welfare spending.

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Growth to remain sluggish

The report was released against the backdrop of poor growth, with the chancellor struggling to ignite the economy after two months of declining GDP.

The institute is forecasting modest economic growth of 1.3% in 2025 and 1.2% in 2026. That means Britain will rank mid-table among the G7 group of advanced economies.

‘Things are not looking good’

However, inflation is likely to remain persistent, with the consumer price index (CPI) likely to hit 3.5% in 2025 and around 3% by mid-2026. NIESR blamed sustained wage growth and higher government spending.

It said the Bank of England would cut interest rates twice this year and again at the beginning of next year, taking the rate from 4.25% to 3.5%.

Persistent inflation is also weighing on living standards: the poorest 10% of UK households saw their living standards fall by 1.3% in 2024-25 compared to the previous year, NIESR said. They are now 10% worse off than they were before the pandemic.

Professor Stephen Millard, deputy director for macroeconomics at NIESR, said the government faced tough choices ahead: “With growth at only 1.3% and inflation above target, things are not looking good for the chancellor, who will need to either raise taxes or reduce spending or both in the October budget.”

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Ofwat chief Black to step down ahead of watchdog’s abolition

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Ofwat chief Black to step down ahead of watchdog's abolition

The chief executive of Ofwat is to step down within months as Britain’s embattled water regulator prepares to be abolished by ministers.

Sky News has learnt that David Black is preparing to leave Ofwat following discussions with its board, led by chairman Iain Coucher.

The timing of Mr Black’s exit was unclear on Tuesday afternoon, although sources said he was likely to go in the near future.

An official announcement could come within days, according to industry sources.

Insiders say the relationship between Mr Coucher and Mr Black has been under strain for some time.

Water industry executives said that Steve Reed, the environment secretary, repeatedly referred to the regulator’s leadership during a meeting last month.

It was unclear on Tuesday who would replace Mr Black, or whether an interim chief executive would remain in place until Ofwat is formally scrapped.

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The complexity of the impending regulatory shake-up means that Ofwat might not be formally abolished until at least 2027.

Mr Black took over as Ofwat’s permanent boss in April 2022, having held the position on an interim basis for the previous 12 months.

He has worked for the water regulator in various roles since 2012.

If confirmed, Mr Black’s departure will come with Britain’s privatised water industry and its regulator mired in crisis.

Water companies are under increasing pressure from Mr Reed, the environment secretary, over their award of executive bonuses even as the number of serious pollution incidents has soared.

The UK’s biggest water utility, Thames Water, meanwhile, is on the brink of being temporarily nationalised through a special administration regime as it tries to secure a private sector bailout led by its creditors.

In a review published last month, the former Bank of England deputy governor Sir Jon Cunliffe recommended that Ofwat be scrapped.

He urged the government to replace it with a new body which would also incorporate the Drinking Water Inspectorate and absorb the water-related functions of the Environment Agency and Natural England.

Speaking on the day that Sir Jon’s recommendations were made public, Mr Reed said: “This Labour government will abolish Ofwat.

“Ofwat will remain in place during the transition to the new regulator, and I will ensure they provide the right leadership to oversee the current price review and investment plan during that time.”

A white paper on reforming the water industry is expected to be published in November with the aim of delivering a reset of the industry’s performance and supervision, according to industry sources.

A handful of water companies have challenged Ofwat’s price determinations, which in aggregate outlined £104bn in spending by the industry during the 2026-30 regulatory period.

Anglian Water, Northumbrian Water and Southern Water are among those whose spending plans are now being assessed by the Competition and Markets Authority.

Responding to the Cunliffe report last month, Ofwat said: “While we have been working hard to address problems in the water sector in recent years, this report sets out important findings for how economic regulation is delivered and we will develop and take this forward with government.

“Today marks an opportunity to reset the sector so it delivers better outcomes for customers and the environment.

“Ofwat will now work with the government and the other regulators to form this new regulatory body in England and to contribute to discussions on the options for Wales set out in the report.

“In advance of the creation of the new body, we will continue to work hard within our powers to protect customers and the environment and to discharge our responsibilities under the current regulatory framework.”

Ofwat has been contacted for comment about Mr Black’s future, while the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) has also been approached for comment.

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