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A purported arms contract seen by Sky News offers the first hard evidence that Iran has sold ammunition to Russia for its war in Ukraine, an informed security source has claimed.

If authentic, the 16-page document, dated 14 September 2022, appears to be for samples of varying sizes of artillery, tank shells and rockets worth just over $1m (£800,000).

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It was shared by the source along with five pages of an allegedly linked contract that includes barrels of a T-72 tank and barrels of a Howitzer artillery piece, as well as ammunition shells. That deal was worth about $740,000 (£590,000).

Sky News has not been able to verify the authenticity of the documents independently.

However, the security source alleged: “This is a contract between the Iranians and the Russians regarding munitions… We believe it is 100% authentic.”

Russia‘s embassy and Iran‘s embassy to the UK respectively did not respond to a request for comment on the claims about an arms deal, nor on the authenticity of the documents.

Sky News showed the documents to Denys Shmyhal, Ukraine‘s prime minister, when he visited Britain in May and to the UK’s foreign secretary, James Cleverly.

Kyiv and London said they planned to investigate the authenticity of the material and would take action if it was found to be credible.

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Russian Defense Ministry Press Service
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Rocket launchers fire during Belarusian and Russian joint military drills. Pic: AP

“We suspected that there’s something like that happening,” Vadym Prystaiko, Ukraine’s ambassador to the UK, told Sky News in a recent interview.

“As soon as we verify it properly, we will be able to act upon this.”

Mr Cleverly, in a separate interview, said: “When information is presented to us, we will look to assess it and to validate it. And of course, we will make decisions based on that.”

He said the UK had already imposed sanctions on Tehran after the regime supplied attack drones to Russia, which have terrorised Ukrainian cities.

“Where we have evidence that Iran has provided military support to Russia in Russia’s attempted invasion of Ukraine we have taken action and we will, of course, always do likewise,” the foreign secretary said.

Read more:
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What will influence Ukraine offensive?

The informed security source alleged the purported arms contract was evidence of this support extending to ammunition and other military equipment.

“It is our assessment that these were weapons ‘samples’ before further shipments,” the source claimed.

Russia’s war in Ukraine is draining stockpiles of ammunition on both sides.

Western allies are scrambling to keep arming Kyiv, while Moscow has put its defence industry on a war-footing.

But with the economic hit by sanctions, the Kremlin has also sought help from its friends.

Sky News has previously reported allegations that Iran supplied large quantities of bullets and ammunition to Russia via cargo ships on the Caspian Sea in January.

While it was not possible to verify the authenticity of the contract, Sky News showed the file to a number of experts. They said the content was “plausible” and the date – 14 September 2022 – matched with separate reporting about this kind of transaction allegedly taking place.

Russian President Vladimir Putin shakes hands with Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi during a meeting in Tehran, Iran July 19, 2022. Sputnik/Sergei Savostyanov/Pool via REUTERS ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY.
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Vladimir Putin shakes hands with Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi during a meeting in Tehran in July 2022

Russia-Iran arms contracts make ‘perfect sense’

Jack Watling, a senior research fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, who has spent a lot of time in Ukraine covering the war and is also an expert on Iran, said it would make “perfect sense” for Moscow and Tehran to agree contracts for arms sales.

“There was nothing in there that struck me as making it incredible,” Mr Watling said, referring to the documents.

“It seemed perfectly reasonable. The timing matched up with when we started to see certain transfers being made. And there were a lot of specific details, like, for example, the use of Swiss jurisdiction for arbitration in the case of a dispute between the parties that also looked quite credible in terms of previous Iranian practice.”

The purported contact

Russia Iran contract PAGE 1

Headlined: “In the name of Allah”, the purported contact “for the delivery of ammunition” is allegedly between the Ministry of Defence and Logistics of the Armed Forces of Iran and Russia’s state military exporting and importing company, JSC Rosoboronexport.

The agreement is identified by this number: NoIR-RU-2022 6001/1/NoP/2236478020960.

Russia Iran contract PAGE 2
Russian Iran contract PAGE 3

The document is split into sections – each with a numbered article – like any normal contract.

Russia Iran contract PAGE 4
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The full price of the contract is $1,013,100

Key details are listed like payment for the samples of ammunition – $1,013,100 (£813,000).

The file is written in English, which is customary for contracts drawn up by Iran with other countries, according to the security source.

Russia Iran contract PAGE 5
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Transportation, spelt incorrectly, is plausible in legitimate arms contracts

It also contains a number of spelling mistakes, such as the sub-heading for article five, which reads: “Terms of delivery and transpotation (sic)”.

The security source said such typos were possible. This was an opinion shared by another expert who also viewed the files.

Russia Iran contract PAGE 6
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The International Commercial Terms

An internationally recognised set of regulations and terms that underpin trade deals, known as the INCOTERMS, or International Commercial Terms, are cited – making the covert sale of arms seem almost mundane.

One paragraph reads: “5.9 Right of ownership and risk of loss or damage of the subject of the contract shall be transferred from the supplier to the customer under terms and conditions of FOB/INCOTERMS 2010.”

This section on the transportation of the goods, also reveals the plan was to fly the ammunition samples to Russia from Iran.

They must be delivered within 10 working days after payment.

Russia Iran contract PAGE 6

“5.13 The Customer shall review all the required permissions and execute all formalities to import the subject of the contract to the Russian Federation and receive all the permissions to accept air vessel at the Russian airport,” it said.

“5.14 The Supplier shall provide assistance to the customer in receiving of all other documents that could be required for customer’s air vessel flying out from shipment airport with cargo prohibited to be transported by air prior receipt of the necessary permissions and import of the subject of the contract to the Russian Federation territory and provide to the customer all the information about the subject of the contract necessary for customs clearance execution during import.”

Russia Iran contract PAGE 7
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Force majeure

Article seven of the contract talks about the impact of what is referred to as “force majeure” even though one party to the deal is already fighting a war and the other is known for arming and supporting militias across the Middle East. These facts are not mentioned.

The contract reads: “7.1 Inability of any party to comply with any of its liabilities under the contract shall not be considered a violation of the contract if this is caused by the circumstances of force majeure.

“7.2 The force majeure circumstances are understood to be the unforeseeable circumstances which are beyond the reasonable limits of control of each party and prevent the party from complying with its obligations.

“Such circumstances shall not be a result of errors or carelessness of the parties and shall include war, strikes, earthquake, convulsions of nature, lightning, hurricanes, floods, fires, epidemics, epizooties, quarantine inhibits, sabotages.”

Russia Iran contract PAGE 8

Article eight sets out how the contract is governed by a private codification of international contract law known as the UNIDROIT Principles.

These principles are approved by an inter-governmental organisation called the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), which has more than 60 member states, including Iran and Russia but also the UK, the US and other Western allies.

The contract says any dispute that cannot be settled amicably would be dealt with by Swiss arbitration in Zurich.

“8.3 If it is impossible to achieve a joint agreement within 90 days after one of the parties was notified by the other party in written [sic] about points of issue in accordance with this article and then all points of issue shall be settled under the Swiss Rules of International Arbitration Institution of the Swiss Chambers’ Arbitration Institution. Award of the arbitration is final and binding upon both parties.”

Russia Iran contact PAGE 9
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Intellectual is misspelt

Under article nine – “Assignment of rights and intellectual property” – the agreement discusses the protection of Iran’s intellectual property rights over its weapons.

“9.2 Customer shall observe supplier’s intellectual property and copyright during and after the contract for always. There for [sic] the customer is not allowed to produce, or reverse engineering [sic] of the same or similar or scale (up & down scale) for all the products and systems (subjected in article 2) during and after the contract for always.”

Russia Iran contract PAGE 11
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The signature page remains blank

Article 14 is for the signatures of the two parties.

It is blank on this page but signatures appear several times on a supplementary section that was also shared with Sky News.

Russia Iran contract Page 12
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Items and samples listed in Russian

A first annex to contract includes a table – entitled “TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS” – with items listed in Russian and large sample quantities.

They include 40,000 of 122mm high-explosive rounds, 14,000 of 152mm high-explosive rounds and 10,000 of 125mm high-explosive shells.

Russia Iran contract PAGE 14
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Table of the items being sold

Is Iran ‘ripping Putin off’?

However, a separate annex to the contract comprises another table of the same kind of ammunition.

It lists 10 different products – each one a varying size or specification of different ammunition rounds.

It also includes the price of each 100-piece batch.

The total – for just 1,000 rounds – adds up to $1,013,100.

Colonel Hamish de Bretton-Gordon, a former army officer, said he thought this was quite expensive if it was for such a relatively small quantity. “Let’s hope the Iranians are ripping [Vladimir] Putin off!” he said.

The contract includes an “end user certificate”. The name of the end user is left blank but it specifies the munitions must only be used “for the declared purposes and re-export or transfer them to third countries without written consent”.

These declared purposes are not mentioned.

Russia Iran supplement PAGE 1
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The supplement contract

The supplement is from September 2022 but without a specific day mentioned.

It is described as a supplement to a contract numbered: NoIR-RU-2022 6001/1/N2P/2236478020959, which is dated 14 September 2020.

That is the same day as the contract Sky News has seen, which is marked as: NoIR-RU-2022 6001/1/N2P/2236478020960

The security source said it was thought a number of related contracts and supplementary sections were signed at around the same time by the two parties.

The first page of the supplement is marked with two signatures. Signatures also appear on subsequent pages.

Russia Iran contract supplement PAGE 5
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Samples of ammunition and weapons worth $741,860

Contract shows Russia ‘running low’ on ammo

A table on page five of the supplementary section covers samples of ammunition and weapons worth $741,860 (£595,847).

This includes two 125mm barrels for the 2A46M gun of a T72 tank – each barrel priced at $85,750 – and two 122mm barrels for a D-30 Howitzer artillery piece – at a cost per barrel of $54,750.

The supplement also lists parts of ammunition to be sent, including 12 pieces respectively of the “shell body” and “brass case” of 122mm and 152mm ammunition.

The Ukrainian ambassador said the contract, if authentic, was evidence Russia is running low on war-fighting stocks.

Mr Prystaiko added: “That they’re actually talking about simple stuff like the armaments, like ammunition, this is showing that the Russian position is quite difficult indeed.”

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‘At least 59 killed’ in Gaza after Israeli military opens fire near aid centre and carries out strikes

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'At least 59 killed' in Gaza after Israeli military opens fire near aid centre and carries out strikes

At least 59 Palestinians have reportedly been killed after the Israeli military opened fire near an aid centre in Gaza and carried out strikes across the territory.

The Red Cross, which operates a field hospital in Rafah, said 25 people were “declared dead upon arrival” and “six more died after admittance” following gunfire near an aid distribution centre in the southern Gazan city.

The humanitarian organisation added that it also received 132 patients “suffering from weapon-related injuries” after the incident.

The Red Cross said: “The overwhelming majority of these patients sustained gunshot wounds, and all responsive individuals reported they were attempting to access food distribution sites.”

The organisation said the number of deaths marks the hospital’s “largest influx of fatalities” since it began operations in May last year.

The IDF has said it fired “warning shots” near the aid distribution site but it was “not aware of injured individuals” as a result.

It said in a statement: “Earlier today, several suspects were identified approaching IDF troops operating in the Rafah area, posing a threat to the troops, hundreds of metres from the aid distribution site.

“IDF troops operated in order to prevent the suspects from approaching them and fired warning shots.”

Palestinians mourn a loved one following the incident near the aid centre. Pic: Reuters
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Palestinians mourn a loved one following the incident near the aid centre. Pic: Reuters

Mother’s despair over shooting

Somia Alshaar told Sky News her 17-year-old son Nasir was shot dead while visiting the aid centre after she told him not to go.

She said: “He went to get us tahini so we could eat.

“He went to get flour. He told me ‘mama, we don’t have tahini. Today I’ll bring you flour. Even if it kills me, I will get you flour’.

“He left the house and didn’t return. They told me at the hospital: your son…’Oh God, oh Lord’.”

Asked where her son was shot, she replied: “In the chest. Yes, in the chest.”

Somia Alshaar, pictured with her daughter, says her son was shot dead. Pic: Reuters
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Somia Alshaar, pictured with her daughter, says her son was shot dead. Pic: Reuters

‘A policy of mass murder’

Hassan Omran, a paramedic with Gaza’s ministry of health, told Sky News after the incident that humanitarian aid centres in Gaza are now “centres of mass death”.

Speaking in Khan Younis, he said: “Today, there were more than 150 injuries and more than 20 martyrs at the aid distribution centres… the Israeli occupation deliberately kills and commits genocide. The Israeli occupation is carrying out a policy of mass murder.

“They call people to come get their daily food, and then, when citizens arrive at these centres, they are killed in cold blood.

“All the victims have gunshot wounds to the head and chest, meaning the enemy is committing these crimes deliberately.”

Israel has rejected genocide accusations and denies targeting civilians.

Boys cry following the incident near the Rafah aid centre. Pic: Reuters
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Two boys mourn their brother at Nasser Hospital in Khan Younis. Pic: Reuters

‘Lies being peddled’

The Gaza Humanitarian Foundation (GHF), the controversial US and Israeli-backed group which operates the distribution centre near Rafah, said: “Hamas is claiming there was violence at our aid distribution sites today. False.

“Once again, there were no incidents at or in the immediate vicinity of our sites.

“But that’s not stopping some from spreading the lies being peddled by ‘officials’ at the Hamas-controlled Nasser Hospital.”

The Red Cross said its field hospital in Rafah has recorded more than 250 fatalities and treated more than 3,400 “weapon-wounded patients” since new food distribution sites were set up in Gaza on 27 May.

Read more:
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’10 children killed’ waiting for Gaza health clinic to open
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Palestinians inspect the wreckage of a gas station destroyed in an Israeli airstrike in Deir al-Balah, central Gaza Strip, Saturday, July 12, 2025. (AP Photo/Abdel Kareem Hana)
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Palestinians inspect the wreckage after an Israeli airstrike in Deir al Balah. Pic: AP

It comes after four children and two women were among at least 13 people who died in Deir al Balah, in central Gaza, after Israeli strikes pounded the area starting late on Friday, officials in Al Aqsa Martyrs hospital in the territory said.

Fifteen others died in Israeli airstrikes in Khan Younis, in southern Gaza, according to Nasser Hospital.

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) has not responded to a request for comment on the reported deaths.

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Israeli has been carrying out attacks in Gaza since Hamas-led militants killed some 1,200 people and took 251 hostages on 7 October 2023.

Hamas still holds 50 hostages, with fewer than half of them believed to be alive, after most of the rest were released in ceasefire agreements or other deals.

Israel’s offensive in Gaza has killed more than 57,000 Palestinians, more than half of them women and children, according to Gaza’s health ministry, which does not distinguish between civilians and combatants in its count.

US President Donald Trump has said he is closing in on another ceasefire agreement that would see more hostages released and potentially wind down the war.

But after two days of talks this week with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, there were no signs of a breakthrough.

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The latest fatalities in Gaza comes as a 20-year-old Palestinian-American man was beaten to death by settlers in the Israeli-occupied West Bank on Friday, the Palestinian Health ministry said.

Sayafollah Musallet, also known as Saif, was killed during a confrontation between Palestinians and settlers in Sinjil, north of Ramallah, the ministry said.

A second man, Hussein Al-Shalabi, 23, died after being shot in the chest.

Mr Musallet’s family, from Tampa Florida, has called on the US State Department to lead an “immediate investigation”.

A State Department spokesperson said it was aware of the incident but it had no further comment “out of respect for the privacy of the family and loved ones” of the reported victim.

The Israeli military said the confrontation broke out after Palestinians threw rocks at Israelis, lightly injuring them.

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Backlash as Air India crash report points to possible human error – here’s what experts think

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Backlash as Air India crash report points to possible human error - here's what experts think

As investigators continue to piece together the full picture, early findings of the Air India crash are pointing towards a critical area of concern — the aircraft’s fuel control switches.

The flight, bound for London Gatwick, crashed just moments after taking off from Ahmedabad airport on 12 June, killing all but one of the 242 people on board the plane and at least 19 on the ground.

According to the preliminary report by India’s Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB), the two engine fuel control switches on the plane were moved from the “RUN” to “CUTOFF” position.

These switches control fuel flow to the engines and should only be used when the aircraft is on ground, first to start the engines before a flight and later to shut them down at the gate.

They are designed so they’re unlikely to be changed accidentally, pointing to possible human error on the Air India flight.

The findings include the final conversation between the pilots and show there was confusion in the cockpit as well.

When one pilot asked the other why he cut off the fuel, he responded to say he did not do so.

Pic: Takagi
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The Air India plane before the crash. Pic: Takagi

Moments later, a Mayday call was made from the cockpit, but the plane could not regain power quickly enough and plummeted to the ground.

Captain Amit Singh, founder of Safety Matters Foundation, an organisation dedicated to aviation safety, told Sky News: “This exchange indicates that the engine shutdowns were uncommanded.

“However, the report does not identify the cause – whether it was crew error, mechanical malfunction, or electronic failure.”

Previous warning of ‘possible fuel switch issue’

“The Boeing 787 uses spring-loaded locking mechanisms on its fuel control switches to prevent accidental movement,” Mr Singh explained.

But a previous bulletin from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) “warned that these switches might be installed with the locking feature disengaged,” he said.

This could “make them susceptible to unintended movement due to vibration, contact, or quadrant flex”, he added.

A tail of an Air India Boeing 787 Dreamliner plane that crashed is seen stuck on a building. Pic: Reuters
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The plane’s tail lodged in a building. Pic: Reuters

Speaking to Sky News, aviation expert Terry Tozner said: “The take-off was normal, the aircraft rotated at the correct speed left the ground and almost immediately, the cut-off switches were selected to off, one then two.

“But nobody has said with any clarity whether or not the latch mechanisms worked okay on this particular aircraft. So we can only assume that they were in normal working order.”

In India, there has been a backlash over the findings, with some saying the report points to pilot error without much information and almost dismisses the possibility of a mechanical or electric failure.

Indian government responds

India’s civil aviation minister Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu has been quick to respond, saying: “We care for the welfare and the wellbeing of pilots so let’s not jump to any conclusions at this stage, let us wait for the final report.

“I believe we have the most wonderful workforce of pilots and crew in the whole world.”

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India plane crash survivor carries brother’s coffin

Both pilots were experienced, with around 19,000 flying hours between them, including more than 9,000 on Boeing 787s.

The report says the aircraft maintenance checks were on schedule and that there are no signs of fuel contamination or a bird strike.

So far, no safety recommendations have been issued to Boeing or General Electric, the engine manufacturers.

Concern over destroyed flight recorder

Mr Singh said “the survivability of the flight recorders also raises concern”.

The plane’s rear flight recorder, designed to withstand impact forces of 3,400 Gs and temperatures of 1,100C for 60 minutes, “was damaged beyond recovery”.

Read more:
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Air India’s lone survivor is nothing short of miracle

“The Ram Air Turbine (RAT), which deploys automatically when both engines fail and power drops below a threshold, was observed as deployed in CCTV footage when the aircraft was approximately 60ft above ground level,” Mr Singh said.

“This suggests that the dual engine failure likely occurred before the official timestamp of 08:08:42 UTC, implying a possible discrepancy.”

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India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi visiting the crash site. Pic: X/AP

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Mr Singh said it was also “of particular note” that the plane’s emergency locator transmitter (ELT) did not send any signal after the crash.

“Was the ELT damaged, unarmed, mis-wired, or malfunctioning?” he said.

The report has generated more questions than answers on topics including human error, power source failures and mechanical or electrical malfunction.

The final report is expected to take a year. Meanwhile, families grapple with the unimaginable loss of loved ones in one of the worst disasters in India’s aviation history.

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Donald Trump announces 30% tariff on imports from EU

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Donald Trump announces 30% tariff on imports from EU

Donald Trump has announced he will impose a 30% tariff on imports from the European Union from 1 August.

The tariffs could make everything from French cheese and Italian leather goods to German electronics and Spanish pharmaceuticals more expensive in the US.

Mr Trump has also imposed a 30% tariff on goods from Mexico, according to a post from his Truth Social account.

Announcing the moves in separate letters on the account, the president said the US trade deficit was a national security threat.

In his letter to the EU, he wrote: “We have had years to discuss our trading relationship with The European Union, and we have concluded we must move away from these long-term, large, and persistent, trade Deficits, engendered by your tariff, and non-Tariff, policies, and trade barriers.

“Our relationship has been, unfortunately, far from reciprocal.”

In his letter to Mexico, Mr Trump said he did not think the country had done enough to stop the US from turning into a “narco-trafficking playground”.

The president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, said today that the EU could adopt “proportionate countermeasures” if the US proceeds with imposing the 30% tariff.

Ms von der Leyen, who heads the EU’s executive arm, said in a statement that the bloc remained ready “to continue working towards an agreement by Aug 1”.

“Few economies in the world match the European Union’s level of openness and adherence to fair trading practices,” she continued.

“We will take all necessary steps to safeguard EU interests, including the adoption of proportionate countermeasures if required.”

Ms von der Leyen has also said imposing tariffs on EU exports would “disrupt essential transatlantic supply chains”.

Meanwhile, Dutch Prime Minister Dick Schoof said on the X social media platform that Mr Trump’s announcement was “very concerning and not the way forward”.

He added: “The European Commission can count on our full support. As the EU we must remain united and resolute in pursuing an outcome with the United States that is mutually beneficial.”

Mexico’s economy ministry said a bilateral working group aims to reach an alternative to the 30% US tariffs before they are due to take effect.

The country was informed by the US that it would receive a letter about the tariffs, the ministry’s statement said, adding that Mexico was negotiating.

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How ‘liberation day’ unfolded

Trump’s tariff threats and delays

On his so-called “liberation day” in April, Mr Trump unleashed “reciprocal tariffs” on many of America’s trade partners.

The US president said he was targeting countries with which America has a trade imbalance.

However, since then he’s backed down in a spiralling tit-for-tat tariff face-off with China, and struck a deal with the UK.

The US imposed a 20% tariff on imported goods from the EU in April but it was later paused and the bloc has since been paying a baseline tariff of 10% on goods it exports to the US.

In May, while the US and EU where holding trade negotiations, Mr Trump threated to impose a 50% tariff on the bloc as talks didn’t progress as he would have liked.

However, he later announced he was delaying the imposition of that tariff while negotiations over a trade deal took place.

As of earlier this week, the EU’s executive commission, which handles trade issues for the bloc’s 27-member nations, said its leaders were still hoping to strike a trade deal with the Trump administration.

Without one, the EU said it was prepared to retaliate with tariffs on hundreds of American products, ranging from beef and auto parts to beer and Boeing airplanes.

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