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Coach-to-player in-game communications during Power 4 college football games this season have been occurring on unencrypted frequencies, sources told ESPN on Wednesday, a revelation that raises questions about whether they could have been compromised.

Texas Tech athletic director Kirby Hocutt said he raised the issue during a call with Big 12 athletic directors Tuesday, after learning the Red Raiders’ helmet communications were unencrypted and accessible to anyone with a scanner and knowledge of how to locate the frequencies.

The Big 12 has instructed its 10 schools playing games this weekend to send their helmet communication devices back to GSC, the provider for all 68 Power 4 teams this year, for a software update that would provide encryption, sources confirmed to ESPN.

The modules and cutoff switches are expected to be updated and returned in time for Saturday’s games.

The Athletic first reported the Big 12’s equipment request.

“We’ve got to have a game whose integrity is not questionable in any way on a Saturday afternoon. We owe it to the 120 young men on our football team to ensure that happens, that it’s a game of fair competition and the same set of rules are enforced.”

Texas Tech AD Kirby Hocutt to ESPN

Texas Tech has requested a report from the Big 12 on its recent games against TCU and Baylor to ensure the integrity of the games were not compromised, and the conference is accommodating that request.

“We’ve got to have a game whose integrity is not questionable in any way on a Saturday afternoon,” Hocutt told ESPN. “We owe it to the 120 young men on our football team to ensure that happens, that it’s a game of fair competition and the same set of rules are enforced.”

No schools have made specific allegations that an opponent may have accessed their in-game frequencies, and several Big 12 and Power 4 coaches and staffers have questioned whether a competitive advantage could be gained if that did occur.

This is the first college football season that the in-game use of coach-to-player helmet communications and tablets have been permitted at the FBS level. The NCAA approved the rules change in April, six months after launching an investigation into Michigan‘s alleged signal-stealing scheme under former staffer Connor Stalions.

A frequency coordinator made the discovery in late September while setting up for the Texas A&MArkansas game at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas. The coordinator notified the SEC of his findings, as well as Baylor and TCU, which forwarded the information to the conference.

Football operations executives for the SEC, Big 12, Big Ten and ACC have worked together with GSC in the four weeks since to investigate potential concerns and move to a more encrypted and secure platform.

“We have been aware of the issue and have stayed in communication with GSC and our colleague conferences as well as our schools,” the SEC said Wednesday in a statement. “We are not aware of any instances of the system being compromised during games. GSC has developed an update to resolve the issue and we have made our schools aware of their ability to update their systems at a time of their choosing.”

The revelation that college football teams have not been using encrypted frequencies has frustrated several Big 12 athletic directors, who believed the Power 4 schools had the same encrypted setup used in the NFL, sources said.

GSC could not be reached for comment.

In the Big 12, the concerns about potential vulnerabilities had not been addressed at AD and head coach level until Tuesday.

Following the Tuesday call, the Big 12 sent a memo, obtained by ESPN, to ADs and coaches acknowledging that someone with intimate knowledge of frequency scanners and the GSC system could hear communications.

“GSC and the frequency experts consulted shared that the risk of someone’s ability to access this communication was very low,” Big 12 chief football and competition officer Scott Draper wrote in the memo. “The four conferences met weekly to discuss the next steps and each chose the same path forward, to inform the head equipment managers of what we knew. As an interim step, we changed frequencies while the software update from GSC was complete. In hindsight, the conference should’ve shared this information with you.”

The Big 12 notified equipment managers at its 16 member schools about switching to backup frequencies in early October, but some staffers might not have forwarded the information to their football staffs. Multiple ADs on the Big 12 call told ESPN they were unaware of the issue until Hocutt addressed it Tuesday.

Texas Tech (5-3, 3-2) lost 59-35 to Baylor on Oct. 19 and 35-34 to TCU last Saturday. The Red Raiders opted to move forward with a different coach-to-player system with encrypted communication provided by CoachComm for its game against No. 11 Iowa State on Saturday, sources said, rather than wait for the software update or the results of the Big 12 inquiry.

“Our football coaching staff and I were made aware yesterday of the player-to-coach helmet communication issues around the country,” TCU athletic director Jeremiah Donati said in a statement. “As with any other inquiry, we look forward to assisting the Big 12 Conference in its review process.”

Baylor athletic director Mack Rhoades said “we stand behind the integrity of our in-game operations and overall program and are happy to cooperate as needed with conference officials.”

In the SEC, the league has communicated with all its programs about the security update available through GSC. The league office is attentive to the issue, sources said, but there’s not a high level of concern over communications being compromised.

The Big Ten has been aware of the conversation around the helmet communication and has not had any issues. Programs are updating their technology much like others around the sport.

In the ACC, the league has been tracking the issue for nearly a month. At no point have any ACC teams expressed concern to the league office. They all had the ability to send in the equipment to GSC for the update, which some have already taken advantage of. ACC officials do not have a significant level of concern, in part because no programs have expressed concerns, and all have continued to use the system throughout October.

Officials from the Power 4 conferences were assured by experts that the risk of vulnerabilities to coach-to-player communications was low. But a source at one Big 12 school told ESPN that his staff purchased a scanner earlier this month upon learning of the potential vulnerability and was successful in locating their own coach-to-player communication frequency during a practice.

Still, there are mixed opinions among other Big 12 staffers on whether teams can gain a competitive advantage during a game from their opponent’s coach-to-player communications.

The frequency does not broadcast all headset communications between coaches, which would be invaluable, but merely what one coach says to one player on the field — typically a quarterback on offense and a linebacker on defense — and only when the coach is holding the button to speak to them before communication is cut off 15 seconds before the snap.

An opponent tuned into that frequency would also need to know how to decode their playcalls and effectively communicate adjustments to their own team before the snap, a much more challenging task than sideline signal stealing.

“There’s no real advantage,” one Big 12 chief of staff argued. “One, you’re speaking a different language. Two, if you think you’d be able to enact in real time what they say and try to do it on the field, you’re delusional. You’re just being your stereotypical paranoid football coach. You can’t relay it to the kids fast enough.”

ESPN’s Pete Thamel contributed to this report.

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Stars rally in Game 1: Grades for both teams, players to watch for Game 2

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Stars rally in Game 1: Grades for both teams, players to watch for Game 2

Game 1 of the Western Conference finals between the Dallas Stars and Edmonton Oilers was actually like two games in one.

The first 40 minutes belonged to the Oilers, who looked absolutely unstoppable. They built a 3-1 lead against an overwhelmed Stars team, whose only goal was on a Tyler Seguin breakaway.

Unfortunately for Edmonton, a playoffs-long trend continued for their penalty kill. It was torched for seven goals in the opening three games against the Los Angeles Kings. It gave up three goals in the first two games against Vegas. In Game 1 of the conference final, it was like a defibrillator for the Stars, who barely had a pulse after going down 3-1 after two periods. Miro Heiskanen, Mikael Granlund and Matt Duchene all scored power-play goals in the first 5:58 of the third period to rally Dallas to the lead. The Stars never looked back, taking Game 1 by a 6-3 score.

How did both teams perform? What are the big questions facing each team ahead of Game 2 on Friday night?

The Oilers had it all in hand — just to let a win slip through their fingers.

Edmonton had been idle for a week after finishing off Vegas in five games in its second-round series. And at first, the Oilers looked well rested in a fairly clean road game considering the lengthy layoff. Edmonton had a snafu in the first period letting Tyler Seguin free on a breakaway that he converted into a tying goal but other than that, Edmonton put on a defensive clinic to keep the Stars at bay through 40 minutes. The Oilers power play did — as Connor McDavid predicted — arrive at last, with Ryan Nugent-Hopkins scoring Edmonton’s first road goal with the man advantage in the postseason to give the Oilers a 2-1 lead, which they extended to 3-1 going into the third. That’s when the wheels fell off.

Edmonton gave up three power-play goals in less than six minutes to sit in a one-goal deficit they never came back from. The Oilers could have recovered on special teams themselves but didn’t convert with their own third-period tries and finished 1-for-3 with the extra attacker. Edmonton’s bench was rightly deflated even before Seguin scored a dagger late in the final period to ice the Stars’ victory. It was a tale of two teams for the Oilers — and the worst of the two prevailed. — Shilton

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Stars score 3rd straight goal to take lead over Oilers

Matt Duchene notches the Stars’ third power-play of the third period to give them a lead.

The Stars’ power play gets an A-plus. It was Honor Society-worthy. It was the valedictorian of Game 1. Dallas was absolutely cooked against McDavid and Leon Draisaitl until their three power-play goals to open the third period. The Stars became the second team since 1934 — when goals by type were first tabulated by the NHL — with three goals on the man advantage in the opening six minutes of a playoff period. They became the first team with three power-play goals in the third period of a playoff game since the San Jose Sharks scored four in Game 7 against the Golden Knights in 2019 — back when Peter DeBoer was the Sharks’ head coach, incidentally.

The rest of the Stars’ game gets a C-plus. The first two periods were not what you want to see against Edmonton, with defensive lapses and high-danger chances handed to the Oilers. Edmonton looked like a team that had won eight of its past nine playoff games. The Stars made Stuart Skinner much too comfortable. The third period belongs in the Louvre, not only for the power-play goals but for a key penalty kill against the Oilers, Sam Steel’s dagger and another strong final stanza by Jake Oettinger, who was 6-for-6 on shots.

It’s a great win, especially when one considers how well teams that win Game 1 fare in their series — teams to win Game 1 of a best-of-7 Stanley Cup playoff series have won the series 68% of time. But not every game is going to have the undisciplined play the Oilers had to start the third or the power-play success. Dallas needs to be better, but the good news is that they got the ‘W’ in a game where they weren’t quite at their best. — Wyshynski


Three Stars of Game 1

Two goals and an assist, including the opening goal for Dallas, his first breakaway goal since November, the team’s fourth this postseason, most of any team so far.

One goal and an assist. His 13th career multi-point game in the playoffs, tied with Sergei Zubov for the most by a defensemen in Stars/North Stars history.

3. Power play goals

The Oilers went 1-3 and the Stars 3-4. Dallas had three power play goals in a row in the third period, their most in the 3rd period of a playoff game in Stars/North Stars history. — Arda Öcal


Players to watch in Game 2

The Oilers netminder has endured a rocky postseason run already, going from the team’s starter, to its backup and then reclaiming the No. 1 role. Skinner appeared dialed in early against the Stars and then was — like the rest of his team — shaky down the stretch. Dallas’ fourth goal was particularly poorly tracked by Skinner, who couldn’t track the puck and was slow to react as Matt Duchene tallied the eventual game-winner. Skinner continued to look rattled from there and displayed less of the confidence he’d shown earlier in Game 1.

Calvin Pickard — who took over starting duties from Skinner in the first round — didn’t travel with the Oilers while continuing to rehab an injury he suffered in Game 2 against Vegas. It’ll be on Skinner to rebound to get Edmonton back on track in Game 2. — Shilton

A lot of quiet sticks got loud in Game 1 when Dallas needed it: Tyler Seguin, Matt Duchene and Sam Steel all tallied goals in the Stars’ stunning win. But one player remains curiously quiet, considering his reputation as a playoff standout: Johnston, their outstanding 22-year-old center. His Game 3 goal in a 5-2 rout of Winnipeg was his only point of that series, and he didn’t register a point in Dallas’ rally against Edmonton. The problem for Dallas is that he hasn’t added much at the other end, struggling defensively. He got walked by Leon Draisaitl for the first Edmonton goal. Depth is already vital in this series. The Stars could use Johnston to deepen it further. — Wyshynski


Big questions for Game 2

Can the Oilers clean up their act?

Edmonton was in control of Game 1 until penalty troubles eroded the positive efforts. Will that total lack of discipline become a factor again in Game 2? The Stars were a commanding 3-for-4 with the extra attacker on Wednesday and that’s no surprise given their regular season and playoff success on the power play. Dallas went into this series with the third-best power play of the postseason — and tops amongst remaining squads — at 30.8% while Edmonton had the third-worst penalty kill (66.7%). That’s a tough battle for the Oilers to win when they’re giving up multiple man advantage tries. Dallas proved (repeatedly) they’ll make Edmonton pay for every mistake and Edmonton made too many in Game 1. — Shilton

Is it time to worry about the Finnish Mafia?

The Dallas Stars wouldn’t be in the Western Conference Finals without Mikko Rantanen. And he wouldn’t have entered this round leading the playoffs in scoring without the chemistry he developed with fellow Finns Mikael Granlund and Roope Hintz. But this line hasn’t produced an even-strength goal since Game 5 against the Winnipeg Jets. Granted, they were cooking on the power play in the third period, with Granlund scoring and Hintz and Rantanen assisting on Duchene’s goal. You take that every day. But Dallas was at its most dominant when this line was leading the charge. The Stars are facing a pair of generational talents. They have a superstar of their own in Rantanen. He needs to bring that level of excellence at 5-on-5. — Wyshynski

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Stars use 3rd-period flurry to take G1 from Oilers

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Stars rally in Game 1: Grades for both teams, players to watch for Game 2

DALLAS — There’s mounting a comeback, and then there’s what the Dallas Stars did by rallying against what might be the greatest comeback team in NHL postseason history.

The Stars, down 3-1 to start the third period Wednesday night, looked to be on their way to losing their ninth Game 1 in their past 10 playoff series, only to score five unanswered goals to beat the Edmonton Oilers 6-3 to open the Western Conference finals.

It gave the Stars their sixth comeback this postseason — compared to the Oilers, who set an NHL record earlier in these playoffs with five consecutive comeback wins.

“You score a goal and help your team win, it feels great, but the wins are the best feeling this time of year,” said Stars forward Matt Duchene, who scored his first goal of the postseason. “They’re short-lived. The losses are short-lived. That’s a great comeback win for us. Every team we’ve played so far has a very different makeup to them and a different feel. There’s things we can do better. The nice thing is when you win a game in the playoffs without your A-game, it feels like you want to take it and run with it.”

Edmonton opened with a goal midway through the first period from star center Leon Draisaitl before a turnover saw Tyler Seguin score his first of two goals on a breakaway to tie it with 4:38 remaining.

Stars forward Mason Marchment received a tripping penalty, which opened the door for the Oilers to take a 2-1 lead just 25 seconds into their power play through Ryan Nugent-Hopkins. Evan Bouchard then scored 100 seconds later for a 3-1 lead.

It appeared Bouchard’s goal had the Oilers in position to win their fourth consecutive playoff game against the Stars, whom they also faced in last year’s Western Conference finals. It also would have been the Oilers’ third straight victory this postseason, part of a string of contests that had seen them lose only once since their Game 2 defeat to the Los Angeles Kings in the quarterfinals.

Instead? The third period proved to be something of a convergence point that saw the Stars answer some questions while posing a few more for the Oilers.

Dallas entered the conference finals facing concerns about whether it had enough scoring depth to match Edmonton. Prior to Game 1, there were five players who accounted for 81% of the Stars’ goals, compared to the Oilers, who had 14 different forwards score at least one goal.

Edmonton, on the other hand, watched its penalty kill struggle in the second round with a 9.1% success rate. That was the worst of any team in the semifinal round, and it was a jarring juxtaposition from 2024, when the Oilers killed 94% of their penalties.

And Wednesday, Miro Heiskanen, Mikael Granlund and Duchene combined to score three straight power-play goals. Those were the first goals this postseason for Heiskanen and Duchene. Seguin, who hadn’t scored in 10 straight games, scored his second goal pushed it to 5-3, while Esa Lindell‘s empty-netter was his first of the postseason and increased the Stars’ edge to 6-3.

“Everyone was talking about our lack of secondary scoring and in the last round … you have to give Winnipeg some credit,” Stars coach Peter DeBoer said. “They defended their ass off in that series against us. They’re the best defensive team in the league. None of our guys were going to have big numbers in the Winnipeg series but I felt confident that they were going to get going.

“Even in that Winnipeg series, particularly late in that series, we started to see some real signs of creating real chances.”

Three of the Stars’ four wins against the Colorado Avalanche in the quarterfinal round were comebacks, including their dramatic Game 7 that saw star winger Mikko Rantanen score against his former team. So were two of their four wins against the Jets. It established a precedent that the Stars could do it again this postseason.

But to do it against an Oilers team that had shut out the Vegas Golden Knights over the final two contests of their five-game series?

“We played with some more energy,” Granlund said. “I think no one was happy with the first two periods of how we played. We know we’re going to raise our level for the first game. The third period was good. The power play was good, but we’ve got some better games ahead of us.”

The Oilers losing a two-goal lead in Game 1 led to another question: What made it difficult for them to find the type of openings that have allowed them to be such a persistent threat this postseason even while trailing?

“We were short-handed for about six minutes in the third period, and that makes it a little more difficult to come back,” Oilers coach Kris Knoblauch said. “I just think we took a step back. They had the momentum and the energy from the crowd. Obviously, we’re very disappointed. After the first two periods, we felt it was a good start and then it just turned in the third period.

“We’ve had some heartbreaking losses in the playoffs, and we’ve been able to rebound nicely.”

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Coach: Canes must be smarter about retaliation

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Coach: Canes must be smarter about retaliation

RALEIGH — Carolina Hurricanes coach Rod Brind’Amour said his players have to be smarter about retaliating against the Florida Panthers‘ trademark agitation.

“We know that’s how they do things,” he said on Wednesday, after Florida took a 1-0 lead in the Eastern Conference finals with a 5-2 win. “Find a way not to let that get to you. Stick to what is going to win us games.”

At issue for the Hurricanes in Game 1 was center Sebastian Aho‘s roughing penalty against Florida’s Anton Lundell at 6:59 of the first period, which negated a Carolina power play and led to Carter Verhaeghe scoring the first goal of the game on a Panthers’ power play. Aho took a swing at Lundell after the Panthers center cross-checked him. The referees whistled the retaliation but not the initial stickwork that provoked it.

“I mean, the first penalty is bad call, right? You’re going to have those. But that’s my thing: Retaliation penalties are not going to get it done,” Brind’Amour said. “We did a pretty good job with [retaliation], but it just takes one. That’s my point. You can’t have that one, because that really puts you behind the game and now it’s different.”

The Hurricanes are 5-0 when scoring first in the playoffs and 3-3 when they don’t. Carolina’s penalty kill had stopped 14 of 15 power plays at home and 28 of 30 overall in the playoffs until Game 1, when Florida went 2-for-3 with the man advantage.

“They made us pay. It’s a good team that knows how to score goals and finds way to win games when you make mistakes,” Carolina captain Jordan Staal said. “We’ve got to limit those mistakes.”

Another example of the Hurricanes’ retaliation, though a less costly one for Carolina, came in the third period when defenseman Shayne Gostisbehere deliberately shot a puck at Florida forward Brad Marchand. In this case, the Panthers got the worst of it, as Marchand was given a double minor for roughing and a 10-minute misconduct.

“Just heated. I was pretty pissed off. He tried to take a run at me. I shot the puck at him. We had a little [tussle],” Gostisbehere said.

After Game 1, neither Panthers players nor coach Paul Maurice would discuss the incident in detail.

“It happens. It’s what it is. I mean, we block shots all the time, so what’s the difference?” Panthers defenseman Aaron Ekblad said.

That attitude extends to the Panthers’ composure on the ice. While the Panthers have earned their reputation as an irritating, physical opponent — attributes that helped them win the Stanley Cup for the first time last season — they can dish it out and take it.

Look no further than the Florida crease in Game 1, where the Hurricanes crashed the net of goalie Sergei Bobrovsky with frequency. At one point, forward Andrei Svechnikov‘s hip collided with Bobrovsky’s head. But the goalie wasn’t knocked off his game and his team didn’t retaliate.

“It’s OK. It’s the playoffs. They try to get under the skin. I just focus on my things and try not to think about that,” Bobrovsky said after his Game 1 win.

Maurice praised his netminder’s composure.

“Sergei’s not a kid. He’s been through it. He’s been bumped. He’s just developed a skill set that it just doesn’t bother him,” the coach said. “No one likes getting elbowed in the head, but it won’t be the first time or the last time.”

Game 2 of the Eastern Conference finals is Thursday night in Raleigh. The Hurricanes have now lost 13 straight games in that round of the playoffs, including five straight to the Panthers.

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