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Fighting erupted in Sudan on Saturday as the army and paramilitary forces clashed, leaving at least 56 people dead and hundreds injured. 

They were the first clashes between the forces since they formed an alliance in 2019 but rose out of a long-running tussle for power.

Here is what you need to know.

Who are the main players?

On one side you’ve got Sudan’s army, headed by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan.

He has been the country’s de facto president since a military coup in October 2021.

On the other is paramilitary group the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), the partner-turned-rival of the military.

The RSF is led by general Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, better known as Hemedti. He is the deputy head of Sudan’s ruling Sovereign Council.

The two sides came together to oust former leader Omar al-Bashir in 2019 but there have been long-running disagreements over how the country should be run.

Since the clashes started both sides have claimed to be in control of strategic locations, including the presidential palace, airports and air bases.

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What’s going on in Sudan?

Why has violence erupted now?

Saturday’s violence erupted out of tensions over the transition from military to civilian rule.

Things escalated in the days prior as RSF troops were deployed around the country.

In a rare statement in the early hours of Thursday, the army said the mobilisation represented a “clear violation of law”.

Central to the tension was a disagreement between the army and the paramilitary over how and when the RSF should be integrated into the military.

The army wanted the transition to happen within two years while the RSF said it would take 10 years.

The merger is a key condition of a framework deal agreed in December that would see power shifted to civilians.

The agreement was supposed to be signed on 1 April, but it has been delayed because of failed talks.

Read more:
Why tensions in Sudan could escalate into ‘all-out civil war’
Civilians among 56 killed during heavy fighting in Sudan

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‘Tension had been boiling’ in Sudan

Where is the fighting happening?

The fighting began at a military base south of the capital Khartoum, with both sides accusing the other of initiating attacks.

Clashes then spread across the city, including around the military’s headquarters, the airport and the presidential palace.

Witnesses have reported gunfire in many parts of the country, including heavy exchanges of gunfire in the northern city of Merowe and clashes in the Darfur cities of El Fasher and Nyala.

Who are the RSF?

The RSF is made up of about 100,000 troops and evolved from so-called janjaweed militias that fought in the Darfur conflict in the 2000s.

The RSF has long been accused of atrocities linked to the Darfur conflict.

In 2017, a law legitimising the RSF as an independent security force was passed.

Smoke is seen rising from planes in Khartoum's international airport amid violent fighting
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Smoke is seen rising from planes in Khartoum’s international airport amid violent fighting

Transition to democracy

Former president Omar al-Bashir was ousted in 2019 following months of protests against his three-decade authoritarian rule.

He was convicted of corruption and money laundering and accused by the International Criminal Court of war crimes and genocide, linked to the bloody conflict in Darfur.

A joint military-civilian government was established after he was toppled but that was overthrown in the 2021 coup.

The coup put the army back in charge, but it faced weekly demonstrations, renewed isolation and deepening economic woes.

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Nova festival survivor dies two years after girlfriend shot dead as he shielded her

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Nova festival survivor dies two years after girlfriend shot dead as he shielded her

It was supposed to be a day of pure joy, with hours spent dancing with the love of his life.

But when Hamas terrorists attacked Nova festival on 7 October 2023, Roei Shalev’s life was tragically changed forever.

The 29-year-old was dancing the night away with his partner, Mapal Adam, and their best friend Hilly Solomon when rocket fire suddenly drowned out the music.

Roei, Mapal and Hilly frantically tried to escape by car, driving away from the festival grounds until they encountered a young woman stumbling into the road, covered in blood.

She warned them that there were Hamas gunmen behind her, so the trio exited their vehicle and ran to nearby trees to hide.

“Bullets whizzed past us, grenades exploded nearby, and terror engulfed us from all directions,” Roei said.

They dived under two abandoned cars – Roei and Mapal under one, Hilly under the other.

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But the gunmen caught up with them, shooting the three festivalgoers as they were pinned under the cars.

Roei tried to shield 26-year-old Mapal from the bullets, but she died beneath him while he was shot in the back. Hilly, 26, was also killed instantly.

Roei was shot in the back twice. Pic: Instagram/@roeishalev
Image:
Roei was shot in the back twice. Pic: Instagram/@roeishalev

What followed were “agonising” hours during which Roei lay still, covered in his and his girlfriend’s blood, and played dead.

Even when a second group of gunmen approached and shot at him a second time, hitting him in the back yet again, he did not move.

Seven hours later, the Israeli army found Roei alive.

“That day was the darkest I’ve ever known,” he later said.

The terror continued

A week after his girlfriend and best friend were killed, Roei’s mother Raffaela took her own life because she “couldn’t contain the pain and losses of October 7”, according to her son.

“In just one week, I lost three of the most important women to me in the world,” Roei said.

“In the months that followed, I struggled to cope. Flashbacks and anxiety consumed me, and sleep became a distant memory.”

Roei said therapy and the unwavering support of others gave him the strength to share his story publicly.

“I opened up on social media, laying bare the rawest details of my trauma. The response was overwhelming,” Roei wrote on a fundraising page for Nova festival survivors and their families last year.

“Messages poured in from people who found solace and inspiration in my journey. Their words gave me purpose, a reason to keep fighting.”

He said he was “uncertain of what the future holds”, but knew that he had to “honour the memory of the three extraordinary girls who were taken from us too soon”.

Roei Shalev and Mapal Adam. Pic: Instagram/@roeishalev
Image:
Roei Shalev and Mapal Adam. Pic: Instagram/@roeishalev

In the two years that followed these tragic events, Roei renamed the family bakery he had been running with his girlfriend to “Mapal Cafe”, in tribute to his “one and only love” and organised events to commemorate Mapal and Hilly.

“Amidst the pain and sorrow, I hold onto one truth: we will dance again,” he said in his fundraising post a year ago.

‘Longing for you is only getting bigger’

On the anniversary of his girlfriend’s death, Roei wrote on Instagram: “Two years have passed since the most terrible day of my life… and of a whole country.

“The longing for you is only getting bigger, the pain does not pass with time. It is always there, everywhere, all the time. I’m full of pain this year, even more than last year.”

In the post, Roei thanked his girlfriend for “moments I won’t forget, pure love and the best relationship I could ask for”.

He also addressed both her and Hilly, saying: “A huge apology that I couldn’t keep you safe on this terrible day, you know I did everything, I did everything to keep you safe, my beloved.

“I preferred to die in agony and for you to survive it.”

A woman leans on a picture of Mapal Adam, at the site of the Nova music festival. File pic: AP
Image:
A woman leans on a picture of Mapal Adam, at the site of the Nova music festival. File pic: AP

On Friday night, three days after the anniversary of the tragic events, Roei posted a note on his Instagram account, saying he “can’t go on anymore”.

“I’ve never felt such deep and burning pain and suffering in my life. It’s eating me up inside,” Roei wrote.

His note raised concern among his family and friends, and a frantic search was launched.

The search ended a few hours later in the tragic discovery of Roei’s body inside a burning car near Poleg Beach in Netanya, Israel. Police have opened an investigation, according to Israeli media.

His friends describe Roei as a warm and devoted member of the Nova community who “gave strength to everyone else while quietly carrying immense pain”, The Times of Israel reports.

Roei’s family confirmed his death in a statement and asked for their privacy to be respected.

Roei Shalev was found dead on Friday. Pic: Instagram/@novaexhibitions
Image:
Roei Shalev was found dead on Friday. Pic: Instagram/@novaexhibitions

The Nova Tribe Community organisation, which represents survivors and families of the victims of the October 7 attack on the music festival, called his death “heartbreaking” and “deeply saddening” in a tribute.

“Roei was a pillar of strength within the community, and his death is an immeasurable loss for us,” the organisation said.

The statement continued: “Sadly, many members of the Nova community are still experiencing traumatic moments daily since October 7.

“We ask everyone to show constant awareness and emotional sensitivity to the mental state of those affected by the October 7 events and to all survivors and bereaved families.”

Read more:
Shoes and fairy lights: Remnants of Nova festival attack
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SafeHeart, a non-profit organisation providing psychological support for October 7 survivors and their families, said in a statement: “Our hearts are broken alongside Roei’s family, friends, and the entire survivor community.

“This terrible tragedy is a painful reminder that for many survivors, the trauma of October 7 has not ended. It continues to live within them, day by day, moment by moment. The pain does not simply fade with time; in many cases, it grows stronger.”

Anyone feeling emotionally distressed or suicidal can call Samaritans for help on 116 123 or email jo@samaritans.org in the UK.

Alternatively, you can call Mind’s support line on 0300 102 1234, or NHS on 111.

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October 7 survivor dies two years after girlfriend shot dead by Hamas at Nova Festival

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October 7 survivor dies two years after girlfriend shot dead by Hamas at Nova Festival

A survivor of the October 7 attacks has died, two years after his girlfriend was shot dead by Hamas gunmen at Nova Festival.

Roei Shalev, 29, has been found dead shortly after the second anniversary of the death of his 27-year-old girlfriend Mapal Adam, who was killed by Hamas gunmen when they attacked Nova Festival.

The couple had been dancing with their friend Hilly Solomon, 26, on 7 October 2023 when the sound of rocket fire drowned out the music, causing them to flee the festival grounds in their car.

As Hamas fighters closed in from all directions, the trio hid under a car, but they were spotted by gunmen and shot several times.

Roei Shalev and Mapal Adam. Pic: Instagram/@roeishalev
Image:
Roei Shalev and Mapal Adam. Pic: Instagram/@roeishalev

Mr Shalev said he waited seven “agonising” hours with two bullets in his back – with his girlfriend and his friend lying dead beside him – until the Israeli army came.

A week later, his mother took her own life.

“In just one week, I lost three of the most important women to me in the world,” Mr Shalev wrote on a fundraising page for festival survivors and their families.

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“That day was the darkest I’ve ever known. In the months that followed, I struggled to cope. Flashbacks and anxiety consumed me, and sleep became a distant memory,” he added.

Now, two years after the horrifying attack, Mr Shalev was found dead in a burning car near Poleg Beach in Netanya, Israel.

Police have opened an investigation, Israeli media reports.

Shortly before his body was found, Mr Shalev had posted a note on his Instagram account, saying he “can’t go on anymore”.

“I’ve never felt such deep and burning pain and suffering in my life. It’s eating me up inside,” Mr Shavel wrote.

This breaking news story is being updated and more details will be published shortly.

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You can receive breaking news alerts on a smartphone or tablet via the Sky News app. You can also follow us on WhatsApp and subscribe to our YouTube channel to keep up with the latest news.

Anyone feeling emotionally distressed or suicidal can call Samaritans for help on 116 123 or email jo@samaritans.org in the UK.

Alternatively, you can call Mind’s support line on 0300 102 1234, or NHS on 111.

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Hamas official thanks Donald Trump for ceasefire deal – but tells Sky News Tony Blair not welcome

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Hamas official thanks Donald Trump for ceasefire deal - but tells Sky News Tony Blair not welcome

A senior Hamas official has thanked President Donald Trump for his role in securing a ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas.

In an exclusive interview with Sky News’ lead world news presenter Yalda Hakim, senior Hamas official Dr Basem Naim also warned that former UK Prime Minister Sir Tony Blair would not be welcome in any post-war role for Gaza.

Latest updates: Palestinians head back north – as Israel pulls troops back

Israel and Hamas have agreed to a first phase of a peace deal brokered by the US president, with a ceasefire taking effect on Friday.

Dr Naim said the ceasefire would not have been possible without President Trump, but insisted he needed to continue to apply pressure to Israel to stick to the agreement.

He added that Hamas would be willing to step aside for a Palestinian body to govern a post-war Gaza, but that they would remain “on the ground” and would not be disarmed.

Dr Naim said in the interview: “Without the personal interference of President Trump in this case, I don’t think that it would have happened to have reached the end of the war.

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“Therefore, yes, we thank President Trump and his personal efforts to interfere and to pressure Israel to bring an end to this massacre and slaughtering.”

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He added: “We believe and we hope that President Trump will continue to interfere personally and to exercise the maximum pressure on [Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin] Netanyahu to fulfil its obligation.

“First, as according to the deal, and second, according to the international law as an occupying power, because I think without this pressure, without this personal interference from President Trump, this will not happen.

“We have already seen Netanyahu speaking to the media, threatening to go to war again if this doesn’t happen, if that doesn’t happen.”

Donald Trump has been thanked for his role in securing a peace deal in Gaza. Pic: AP
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Donald Trump has been thanked for his role in securing a peace deal in Gaza. Pic: AP

Questions remain over the next phases of the peace plan, including who will govern Gaza as Israeli troops gradually pull back and whether Hamas will disarm – as called for in Mr Trump’s ceasefire plan.

Mr Netanyahu has hinted that Israel might renew its offensive if Hamas does not give up its weapons.

However, Dr Naim said Hamas would not completely disarm and that weapons would only be handed over to the Palestinian state, with fighters integrated into the Palestinian National Army.

“No one has the right to deny us the right to resist the occupation of armies,” he said.

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Thousands of Gazans are heading north as Israeli troops pull back.

On future governance, Dr Naim criticised plans for Sir Tony to play any role in overseeing the future of Gaza, saying that Hamas and Palestinians were angered by his role in previous wars in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Dr Naim added: “When it comes to Tony Blair, unfortunately, we Palestinians, Arabs and Muslims and maybe others around the world have bad memories of him.

“We can still remember his role in killing, causing thousands or millions of deaths to innocent civilians in Afghanistan and Iraq.

“We can still remember him very well after destroying Iraq and Afghanistan.”

Under Mr Trump’s plans, Sir Tony would form part of an international supervisory body.

The international body, the Council of Peace or Board of Peace, would govern under plans approved by Mr Netanyahu.

Read more:
How withdrawal of Israeli troops in Gaza could work
Could the Gaza deal lead to something even bigger?

The body would hold most power while overseeing the administration of Palestinian technocrats running day-to-day affairs.

It would also hold the commanding role of directing reconstruction in Gaza.

Sir Tony Blair has been told he would not be welcome in a post-war Gaza. Pic: PA
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Sir Tony Blair has been told he would not be welcome in a post-war Gaza. Pic: PA

Dr Naim added that Hamas was satisfied Mr Trump’s plan would achieve peace in Gaza.

But he said it could never be fully satisfied after accusing Israel of genocide.

Israel has continually denied this, claiming it has been fighting Hamas terrorists to defend itself following the October 7 massacre in 2023.

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