TikTok and Instagram have been accused of targeting teenagers with suicide and self-harm content – at a higher rate than two years ago.
The Molly Rose Foundation – set up by Ian Russell after his 14-year-old daughter took her own life after viewing harmful content on social media – commissioned analysis of hundreds of posts on the platforms, using accounts of a 15-year-old girl based in the UK.
The charity claimed videos recommended by algorithms on the For You pages continued to feature a “tsunami” of clips containing “suicide, self-harm and intense depression” to under-16s who have previously engaged with similar material.
One in 10 of the harmful posts had been liked at least a million times. The average number of likes was 226,000, the researchers said.
Mr Russell told Sky News the results were “horrifying” and showed online safety laws are not fit for purpose.
Image: Molly Russell died in 2017. Pic: Molly Rose Foundation
‘This is happening on PM’s watch’
He said: “It is staggering that eight years after Molly’s death, incredibly harmful suicide, self-harm, and depression content like she saw is still pervasive across social media.
“Ofcom’s recent child safety codes do not match the sheer scale of harm being suggested to vulnerable users and ultimately do little to prevent more deaths like Molly’s.
“The situation has got worse rather than better, despite the actions of governments and regulators and people like me. The report shows that if you strayed into the rabbit hole of harmful suicide self-injury content, it’s almost inescapable.
“For over a year, this entirely preventable harm has been happening on the prime minister’s watch and where Ofcom have been timid it is time for him to be strong and bring forward strengthened, life-saving legislation without delay.”
Image: Ian Russell says children are viewing ‘industrial levels’ of self-harm content
After Molly’s death in 2017, a coroner ruled she had been suffering from depression, and the material she had viewed online contributed to her death “in a more than minimal way”.
Researchers at Bright Data looked at 300 Instagram Reels and 242 TikToks to determine if they “promoted and glorified suicide and self-harm”, referenced ideation or methods, or “themes of intense hopelessness, misery, and despair”.
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3:53
What are the new online rules?
Instagram
The Molly Rose Foundation claimed Instagram “continues to algorithmically recommend appallingly high volumes of harmful material”.
The researchers said 97% of the videos recommended on Instagram Reels for the account of a teenage girl, who had previously looked at this content, were judged to be harmful.
Some 44% actively referenced suicide and self-harm, they said. They also claimed harmful content was sent in emails containing recommended content for users.
A spokesperson for Meta, which owns Instagram, said: “We disagree with the assertions of this report and the limited methodology behind it.
“Tens of millions of teens are now in Instagram Teen Accounts, which offer built-in protections that limit who can contact them, the content they see, and the time they spend on Instagram.
“We continue to use automated technology to remove content encouraging suicide and self-injury, with 99% proactively actioned before being reported to us. We developed Teen Accounts to help protect teens online and continue to work tirelessly to do just that.”
TikTok
TikTok was accused of recommending “an almost uninterrupted supply of harmful material”, with 96% of the videos judged to be harmful, the report said.
Over half (55%) of the For You posts were found to be suicide and self-harm related; a single search yielding posts promoting suicide behaviours, dangerous stunts and challenges, it was claimed.
The number of problematic hashtags had increased since 2023; with many shared on highly-followed accounts which compiled ‘playlists’ of harmful content, the report alleged.
A TikTok spokesperson said: “Teen accounts on TikTok have 50+ features and settings designed to help them safely express themselves, discover and learn, and parents can further customise 20+ content and privacy settings through Family Pairing.
“With over 99% of violative content proactively removed by TikTok, the findings don’t reflect the real experience of people on our platform which the report admits.”
According to TikTok, they not do not allow content showing or promoting suicide and self-harm, and say that banned hashtags lead users to support helplines.
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5:23
Why do people want to repeal the Online Safety Act?
‘A brutal reality’
Both platforms allow young users to provide negative feedback on harmful content recommended to them. But the researchers found they can also provide positive feedback on this content and be sent it for the next 30 days.
Technology Secretary Peter Kyle said: “These figures show a brutal reality – for far too long, tech companies have stood by as the internet fed vile content to children, devastating young lives and even tearing some families to pieces.
“But companies can no longer pretend not to see. The Online Safety Act, which came into effect earlier this year, requires platforms to protect all users from illegal content and children from the most harmful content, like promoting or encouraging suicide and self-harm. 45 sites are already under investigation.”
An Ofcom spokesperson said: “Since this research was carried out, our new measures to protect children online have come into force.
“These will make a meaningful difference to children – helping to prevent exposure to the most harmful content, including suicide and self-harm material. And for the first time, services will be required by law to tame toxic algorithms.
“Tech firms that don’t comply with the protection measures set out in our codes can expect enforcement action.”
Image: Peter Kyle has said opponents of the Online Safety Act are on the side of predators. Pic: PA
‘A snapshot of rock bottom’
A separate report out today from the Children’s Commissioner found the proportion of children who have seen pornography online has risen in the past two years – also driven by algorithms.
Rachel de Souza described the content young people are seeing as “violent, extreme and degrading”, and often illegal, and said her office’s findings must be seen as a “snapshot of what rock bottom looks like”.
More than half (58%) of respondents to the survey said that, as children, they had seen pornography involving strangulation, while 44% reported seeing a depiction of rape – specifically someone who was asleep.
The survey of 1,020 people aged between 16 and 21 found that they were on average aged 13 when they first saw pornography. More than a quarter (27%) said they were 11, and some reported being six or younger.
Anyone feeling emotionally distressed or suicidal can call Samaritans for help on 116 123 or email jo@samaritans.org in the UK. In the US, call the Samaritans branch in your area or 1 (800) 273-TALK.
I ask Ross, 27, if the flying of the flags is timed to coincide with concerns about immigration.
“Yes,” he replies. “My personal stance on it is, yes, this is us saying ‘you’re in our country’, right?
“This is what we stand for, you bow to this flag how we do, right, and you shouldn’t be doing illegal things, and for example, raping the women and committing crimes, which we don’t agree with.”
Image: Ross says there’s nothing wrong with being patriotic
He tells me some of the handful of people he’s with went to the same school as him. But Octavia, the only woman in their group, only met them recently.
“She bumped into us the other day, and now she’s a full-fledged flagger,” Ross says.
Octavia, 27, lifts her jumper to reveal she’s wearing an England flag dress.
“I saw him putting up the flags and I genuinely wondered why,” she says.
“He kind of explained to me, like, we’re protecting people of Britain, we are spreading awareness, that is literally all, and I was really happy to get involved”.
Image: Octavia says she was happy to get involved
As the next flag is being put up, a man walks past and breaks into song.
“No surrender, no surrender, no surrender to the boats coming over,” he sings.
Ross, filming him, thanks him for his “performance”.
Many opinions but few solutions for debate that crosses dividing lines
Over the course of an evening in Lichfield, we struggled to find anyone who didn’t have an opinion on the flags appearing around the town.
Yet we did find people who were reticent to speak on camera, particularly those opposed to the flags being there.
This is a town where around 93% of residents were born in England, according to the census in 2021.
Unlike many British towns and cities, there is little visible evidence of the mass migration this country has experienced in recent decades.
Octavia, the newest recruit to the group of “flaggers” we met, grew up in Leicester, where just under 58% of people were born in England.
After meeting people opposed to the flags in Lichfield, she told me “they’re wealthy, they live in a nice area, they don’t actually have to go through the struggles that everybody else does”.
She then revealed her opposition to migrant hotels is in part because she was once at risk of homelessness and didn’t get state support.
But from what we saw, it would be wrong to conclude that there are obvious dividing lines in this debate.
On both sides, there were people from a range of different backgrounds, young and old.
Some see a display of pure patriotism. To others, it’s blatant nationalism that has to stop.
But in these uneasy times, the removal of any flags has been seized on as a political act that has sparked anger in communities.
A woman sees it all happen and tells us her husband has written to the council to ask for the flags to be removed.
She’s unhappy about how it may make the town feel for some people.
But she doesn’t want to go on camera – or even have her words recorded.
Image: Bob says the number of flags going up has become ‘extreme’
I ask Ross about his political views.
He says he doesn’t belong to any party, but he tells me he supports Tommy Robinson – and had been with him the previous evening.
He got the flags they’re putting up from him.
Further down the street, we meet Bob. He’s just out for dinner. We get talking about the flags.
“It’s not a racist thing just to be wanting to look after your people,” Ross tells him.
Bob agrees, but is concerned about why flags are going up now.
“There’s nothing wrong with showing the English flag,” her husband agrees.
It’s hard to find anyone who doesn’t have a view on the flags appearing around the town. We leave Lichfield with a sense that they’re provoking strong feelings on both sides of a very live national debate.
Sir Keir Starmer has defended welcoming the Israeli president to Downing Street as MPs raised concerns about allowing him into the UK.
Sir Keir started Prime Minister’s Questions (PMQs) by saying “however difficult, the UK must not walk away from a diplomatic solution” to the war in Gaza.
“We will negotiate and we will strain every sinew, because that is the only way to get the hostages out, to get aid in and to stop the killing,” he told MPs.
The PM said he will be “absolutely clear that we condemn Israel’s action” in bombing Hamas leaders in Qatar, during his meeting with Israeli President Isaac Herzog on Wednesday afternoon.
The PM added that it would be the “politics of students” not to meet Mr Herzog after the SNP’s Westminster leader Stephen Flynn gave an impassioned speech against the Israeli president’s visit.
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Mr Flynn said: “Would he invite Vladimir Putin into No 10? Would he invite Benjamin Netanyahu into No 10?
“What does it say of this prime minister that he will harbour this man whilst children starve?”
Image: Isaac Herzog is in the UK. File pic
Following Mr Herzog’s visit to Number 10, the Israeli president said: “Britain and Israel are friends, but among friends there are sometimes disagreements.”
He said he “made clear” the UK’s intention to recognise a Palestinian state would “in no way help bring the hostages home, help the Palestinians, or help bring an end to the conflict” – but would instead “embolden extremists”.
The president also told Sir Keir it was “dangerous” to “echo Hamas’s propaganda campaign of starvation in Gaza”.
MPs question Herzog visit
Dozens of MPs from all parties, including Labour, questioned the legal standing of Sir Keir welcoming Mr Herzog.
The Israeli president previously said there are “no innocent civilians in Gaza” and “it is an entire nation that is responsible”.
He was also pictured signing an artillery shell before it was fired towards Gaza in December.
The prime minister’s spokesman said the attack in Qatar is a “clearly unacceptable act” and said it “of course” would be one of the subjects raised with Mr Herzog.
He added Sir Keir will be “clear” with Mr Herzog about the risk of Israel escalating its actions.
Handcuffs not handshakes
New Green Party leader Zack Polanski called for “handcuffs not handshakes” as he said Scotland Yard’s war crimes unit should be waiting inside Number 10 to handcuff Mr Herzog “and take him away for questioning”.
Mr Polanski, who won the Greens leadership election last week and is Jewish, accused Mr Herzog of being “complicit while the Israeli government has engaged in committing genocide in Gaza”.
Image: Zack Polanski. Pic: PA
Israel has continually denied it is carrying out a genocide in Gaza, but last week, the world’s leading association of genocide scholars declared it is. Earlier this week, the UK government concluded Israel is not committing genocide in Gaza.
Herzog is a conduit
The Liberal Democrats tabled an urgent question following PMQs, calling on the foreign secretary to make a statement on the implications of Israel’s strike in Qatar.
Foreign Office minister Hamish Falconer took to the despatch box to defend Mr Herzog’s visit, saying: “President Herzog is on a private visit to the UK.
“He is not a functional part of the government; he is an important conduit to raise these concerns.”
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33:43
In full: Wednesday’s PMQs
Mr Falconer said the UK is supporting a motion for an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council on Wednesday evening and revealed Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper is speaking to the E3 (UK, France and Germany) and G7 allies, including the US about Israel’s attack on Qatar.
He added that Ms Cooper met Mr Herzog in the morning and “amongst other things” asked him to ensure greater support from the Israeli government to get children with injuries and students out of Gaza.
As PMQs was taking place, union members at the Trades Union Congress (TUC) conference unanimously passed a motion to oppose Mr Herzog’s visit.
On Tuesday evening, 60 cross-party MPs and Lords gathered outside parliament to condemn Mr Herzog’s visit after they sent a letter to Sir Keir asking what legal advice the government has received about Mr Herzog’s visit and whether his entry to the UK “is compatible with our obligations under the Genocide Convention”.
A man heard “growling” moments before he was allegedly stabbed by a Countdown champion at a fan club tournament, a jury has heard.
John Cowen, 31, ran across a room with a knife in his hand and lunged across a table to attack rival Thomas Carey, the jury at Preston Crown Court was told.
The incident took place at a gathering of the Focal Countdown Group, where former contestants on the Channel 4 TV quiz show and fans meet to play each other, on 14 September last year, prosecutor Rosalind Scott Bell said.
CCTV footage showing Cowen as he entered the room at the Wainwright Social Club in Blackpool, Lancashire, shortly after 11.30am was shown to the jury.
Around 30 people were in the club’s function room at the time.
Mrs Scott Bell said: “The defendant had a knife in his left hand. You can just about make it out, glinting as he walks past the camera.
“He appears to see Mr Carey and he then breaks into a run and he goes straight for him. The defendant lunged across the table with his left hand going straight towards Mr Carey.
“Mr Carey was forced back on to the seat behind him and you can just about make out him trying to kick towards the defendant.
“Mr Carey then grabbed the defendant’s wrist in an endeavour to stop the assault. By then he had been stabbed.
“He will describe how he had only been at the Wainwright Club for a short while when he heard growling.”
Others in the room pulled Cowen away and restrained him on the ground before police were called.
Mr Carey was taken to hospital and treated for a stab wound to his left bicep.
Cowen was searched when he was arrested and found to have another kitchen knife in his pocket, the court heard.