Another significant mission was undertaken by SpaceX on January 9, with the deployment of a new set of spy satellites for the United States government. A Falcon 9 rocket carried the NROL-153 mission from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, lifting off at 10:53 p.m. EST. This launch marked the seventh instalment of the National Reconnaissance Office’s (NRO) advanced satellite programme, showcasing a strategic focus on bolstering surveillance capabilities.

Launch Details and Objectives

As reported by Space.com, the NROL-153 mission contributes to the “proliferated architecture” initiative. This approach involves deploying numerous smaller satellites designed to enhance capability and resilience in reconnaissance operations. These satellites are believed to include modified versions of SpaceX’s Starlink models, potentially equipped with advanced reconnaissance technology.
The Falcon 9 rocket’s first stage executed a successful landing on the drone ship Of Course I Still Love You in the Pacific Ocean approximately eight minutes post-liftoff. As per the mission description provided by SpaceX, this marked the 22nd use of the specific booster involved in the launch.

Secrecy Surrounding Satellite Deployment

Details regarding the satellites’ operational orbit or deployment schedule were not disclosed, aligning with the NRO’s standard policy of withholding information about its classified assets. Reports indicate that the earlier six launches under this programme, conducted between May and December 2024, were also carried out by Falcon 9 rockets from the same base.

Broader Implications of the Mission

The mission is a testament to SpaceX’s role in supporting national security initiatives through its reliable and reusable rocket systems. The use of smaller, proliferated satellites signifies a shift toward adaptable and resilient surveillance strategies. The successful execution of this launch further strengthens the partnership between SpaceX and U.S. defence agencies in addressing evolving global challenges.

A remarkable discovery has been made in Lithuania’s Vilnius Cathedral, where 16th-century royal burial regalia were recovered after being concealed for nearly a century. The artefacts, including crowns, rings, chains, a sceptre, and coffin plaques, had been hidden in a crypt at the start of World War II. These treasures, once belonging to significant figures from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland, provide insight into the era’s historical and cultural importance.

Discovery Details and Historical Context

According to a press release from the Vilnius Archdiocese, as reported by Live Science, the regalia were discovered on December 16, 2024, by a team of experts using an endoscopic camera to examine the cathedral’s underground chambers. The items, originally unearthed during restoration work in 1931 after a flood exposed royal sarcophagi, were hidden in 1939 for safekeeping. They include burial ornaments tied to Alexander Jagiellon, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, along with two queens, Elisabeth of Austria and Barbara Radziwiłł.

These families played a crucial role during the Polish Renaissance. Mykolas Sotincenka, communications coordinator for the Vilnius Archdiocese, noted that these artefacts are significant due to the scarcity of authentic items from this period in Lithuania’s history.

Significance of the Regalia

Archbishop Gintaras Grušas described the regalia as “priceless historical treasures” and “exemplary works of goldsmithing and jewellery craftsmanship.” A newspaper from September 1939 was found wrapped around the artefacts, confirming their concealment during wartime. Rita Pauliukevičiūtė, director of the Vilnius Church Heritage Museum, highlighted that these symbols underscore the historical strength of Lithuania’s roots. Documentation and restoration efforts are underway, and the regalia are expected to be displayed to the public later this year.

A breakthrough in auroral research has been made through artificial intelligence, aiding scientists in the classification and study of northern lights. Over 700 million images of auroral phenomena have been sorted and labelled, paving the way for better forecasting of geomagnetic storms that can disrupt critical communication and security systems on Earth. The categorisation stems from NASA’s THEMIS dataset, which records images of auroras every three seconds, captured from 23 monitoring stations across North America. The advancement is expected to significantly enhance the understanding of solar wind interactions with Earth’s magnetosphere.

Dataset Categorisation and Techniques

According to reports in phys.org, researchers at the University of New Hampshire developed an innovative machine-learning algorithm that analysed THEMIS data collected between 2008 and 2022. The images were classified into six distinct categories: arc, diffuse, discrete, cloudy, moon, and clear/no aurora. The objective was to improve access to meaningful insights within the extensive historical dataset, allowing scientists to filter and analyse data efficiently.

Jeremiah Johnson, associate professor of applied engineering and sciences, stated to phys.org that the vast dataset holds crucial information about Earth’s protective magnetosphere. Its prior scale made it challenging for researchers to effectively harness its potential. This development offers a solution, enabling faster and more comprehensive studies of auroral behaviour.

Impact on Future Research

It has been suggested that the categorised database will serve as a foundational resource for ongoing and future research on auroral dynamics. With over a decade of data now organised, researchers have access to a statistically significant sample size for investigations into space-weather events and their effects on Earth’s systems.

Collaborators from the University of Alaska-Fairbanks and NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center also contributed to this project. The use of AI in this context highlights the growing role of technology in addressing challenges posed by vast datasets in the field of space science.